Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
This dataset represents the supply of 1 kilogram of anode, graphite, for Li-ion battery for lithium-ion battery production.
Source
Scientific journal publication
Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48. The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nicke-manganese-cobalt (NMC111) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory". Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.024429
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change13.9142
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity60.155
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.00293875
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0315306
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils269.261
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.2996e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use21.7267
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.024429
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change13.9142
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity60.155
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.00293875
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.0068908
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.0749207
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer2.8115e-09
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer6.8191e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation0.886947
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use45.3889
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion4.1633e-07
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter1.5241e-07
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0315306
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils269.261
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.2996e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use21.7267
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:44 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
anode, graphite, for Li-ion battery
GLO
anode, graphite, for Li-ion battery
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
13 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market for transport, freight train
CN
transport, freight train
2.77e-03
ton kilometer
-
1.2549e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000112809kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000350863CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5648e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.5411e-07kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.8036e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.2998e-14CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.2663e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.4398e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000751169dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.7458e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.1491e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.1305e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00134343MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5443e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.1605e-05m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, sea, container ship
GLO
transport, freight, sea, container ship
0.21
ton kilometer
-
0.000111964mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.00328951kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00653752CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5562e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.9069e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.00032146mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
9.0657e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.9063e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000217095kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00462499dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.9600e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.0659e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
8.5662e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.0419368MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.8743e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000442519m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.06
ton kilometer
-
0.000266273mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.0639607kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.167063CTUe / kilogram
0.3% of total
7.2218e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.000100501kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.5% of total
0.00107473mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
2.4837e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.9% of total
5.5778e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.0127506kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.492188dimensionless / kilogram
1.1% of total
9.8585e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
2.1005e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.000380056kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.926922MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.3% of total
2.1297e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.6% of total
0.0948997m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.4% of total
4.8474e-09disease incidence / kilogram
3.2% of total
0.000302902kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
2.22793MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.8% of total
5.5219e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
4.2% of total
0.000163663m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
GLO
electricity, medium voltage
0.44
kilowatt hour
-
0.000600237mol H+-Eq / kilogram
2.5% of total
0.253271kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.8% of total
0.771432CTUe / kilogram
1.3% of total
8.3848e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
2.9% of total
0.000119kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.00115205mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.5% of total
1.4415e-10CTUh / kilogram
5.1% of total
3.0485e-09CTUh / kilogram
4.5% of total
0.0685912kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
7.7% of total
1.00658dimensionless / kilogram
2.2% of total
2.5609e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
5.5700e-09disease incidence / kilogram
3.7% of total
0.000379758kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
3.55068MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
1.3% of total
1.2385e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
7.46115m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
34.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for water, deionised
RoW
water, deionised
1
kilogram
-
1.7401e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000505531kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0812409CTUe / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.4901e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.9486e-07kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.3725e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.9770e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.5115e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000703429kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00757931dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.4774e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.7503e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.1933e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.011462MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.3157e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000483824m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for carbon black
GLO
carbon black
0.01
kilogram
-
9.1450e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.0331706kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.235466CTUe / kilogram
0.4% of total
1.1771e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.0838e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.000106098mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.6464e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.2496e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.000697567kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0894066dimensionless / kilogram
0.2% of total
1.0243e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.9791e-09disease incidence / kilogram
2.0% of total
0.000125742kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.910429MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.3% of total
4.0541e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.0136859m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for wastewater, average
RoW
wastewater, average
-1.00e-03
cubic meter
-
-3.1206e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.000276066kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.0541531CTUe / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-1.0262e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-2.0169e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
-0.3% of total
-8.4800e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-1.3862e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
-4.0809e-11CTUh / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-0.000185765kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.00119948dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
-2.0655e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-2.3227e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
-1.3475e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.00325101MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
-1.5250e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.00025495m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
4.00e-10
unit
-
0.000272447mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.0386501kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.16672CTUe / kilogram
0.3% of total
6.8268e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
2.3% of total
3.8172e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
0.000429253mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
1.5027e-10CTUh / kilogram
5.3% of total
2.4500e-09CTUh / kilogram
3.6% of total
0.0169641kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
1.9% of total
0.415917dimensionless / kilogram
0.9% of total
1.0710e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
2.1773e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.000136281kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.536268MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.2% of total
3.3969e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
26.1% of total
0.0800932m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
7.76
megajoule
-
0.000419046mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.696856kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
5.0% of total
2.26934CTUe / kilogram
3.8% of total
2.4575e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.000171368kg N-Eq / kilogram
2.5% of total
0.00166715mol N-Eq / kilogram
2.2% of total
8.3944e-11CTUh / kilogram
3.0% of total
1.4418e-09CTUh / kilogram
2.1% of total
0.0549839kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
6.2% of total
0.605969dimensionless / kilogram
1.3% of total
2.1248e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
5.1% of total
2.6017e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.000959322kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
3.0% of total
11.4396MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
4.2% of total
2.2598e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.163231m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.8% of total
BAFU:2025
market for latex
RoW
latex
0.02
kilogram
-
0.000363294mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.5% of total
0.0533557kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.0467652CTUe / kilogram
0.1% of total
7.3745e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.1294e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.000853848mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
1.6605e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.6% of total
1.3528e-09CTUh / kilogram
2.0% of total
1.2535e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000841372dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
7.8893e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.7976e-09disease incidence / kilogram
3.1% of total
0.00027637kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.9% of total
1.6676MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.6% of total
1.4483e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.6104e-07m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
3 CLIC nodes
and 11 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
12345
strongweak
Missing exchange uncertainty generation:
Not requested
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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