Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
This activity is aggregated to match the requirements of one battery rack, as it is modelled in the lithium-sulfur study. This includes both the BMS on a module level as well as on the rack level. BMS=battery management system. PCB=printed circut board. Source: Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Source
Scientific journal publication
Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Production of the BMS components is based on Nordelöf and Alatalo (2018), and Ellingsen et al. (2014)
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Demonstration
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per unit, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification4.36133
mol H+-Eq / unit
Climate change302.142
kg CO2-Eq / unit
Freshwater ecotoxicity2236.74
CTUe / unit
Freshwater eutrophication1.34082
kg P-Eq / unit
Marine eutrophication0.407731
kg N-Eq / unit
Terrestrial eutrophication4.22138
mol N-Eq / unit
Human toxicity, cancer5.8921e-07
CTUh / unit
Human toxicity, non-cancer2.4891e-05
CTUh / unit
Ionising radiation79.7505
kBq U235-Eq / unit
Land use2678.81
dimensionless / unit
Ozone depletion2.0041e-05
kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
Particulate matter1.4856e-05
disease incidence / unit
Photochemical ozone formation1.5477
kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
Resource use, fossils3991.09
MJ, net calorific value / unit
Resource use, minerals and metals0.206965
kg Sb-Eq / unit
Water use2013.62
m3 world Eq deprived / unit
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification4.36133
mol H+-Eq / unit
Climate change302.142
kg CO2-Eq / unit
Freshwater ecotoxicity2236.74
CTUe / unit
Freshwater eutrophication1.34082
kg P-Eq / unit
Marine eutrophication0.407731
kg N-Eq / unit
Terrestrial eutrophication4.22138
mol N-Eq / unit
Human toxicity, cancer5.8921e-07
CTUh / unit
Human toxicity, non-cancer2.4891e-05
CTUh / unit
Ionising radiation79.7505
kBq U235-Eq / unit
Land use2678.81
dimensionless / unit
Ozone depletion2.0041e-05
kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
Particulate matter1.4856e-05
disease incidence / unit
Photochemical ozone formation1.5477
kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
Resource use, fossils3991.09
MJ, net calorific value / unit
Resource use, minerals and metals0.206965
kg Sb-Eq / unit
Water use2013.62
m3 world Eq deprived / unit
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:43 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
BMS production, for LiS battery
GLO
BMS
1
unit
-
Reference flow
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
14 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
GLO
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
9.00e-04
kilogram
-
1.3530e-05mol H+-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0040694kg CO2-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0100861CTUe / unit
0.0% of total
2.4254e-07kg P-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
2.3152e-06kg N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
2.2378e-05mol N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
7.5295e-13CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
9.0350e-12CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
4.0301e-05kBq U235-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.000495116dimensionless / unit
0.0% of total
4.6920e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
1.9597e-10disease incidence / unit
0.0% of total
1.0891e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.083806MJ, net calorific value / unit
0.0% of total
2.2343e-09kg Sb-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
4.9187e-05m3 world Eq deprived / unit
0.0% of total
market for metal working, average for steel product manufacturing
GLO
metal working, average for steel product manufacturing
3.8
kilogram
-
0.014277mol H+-Eq / unit
0.3% of total
5.88416kg CO2-Eq / unit
1.9% of total
21.0954CTUe / unit
0.9% of total
0.00228235kg P-Eq / unit
0.2% of total
0.00403373kg N-Eq / unit
1.0% of total
0.0337332mol N-Eq / unit
0.8% of total
8.3909e-09CTUh / unit
1.4% of total
7.2528e-08CTUh / unit
0.3% of total
2.29174kBq U235-Eq / unit
2.9% of total
36.1104dimensionless / unit
1.3% of total
1.7158e-07kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
0.9% of total
1.8545e-07disease incidence / unit
1.2% of total
0.0136726kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
0.9% of total
80.3895MJ, net calorific value / unit
2.0% of total
2.4366e-05kg Sb-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
186.068m3 world Eq deprived / unit
9.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for nylon 6
RoW
nylon 6
8.50e-03
kilogram
-
0.000307021mol H+-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0788487kg CO2-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0328104CTUe / unit
0.0% of total
1.7601e-06kg P-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
7.0623e-05kg N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.000695596mol N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
6.8765e-12CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
6.7972e-11CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
5.2284e-05kBq U235-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.00107799dimensionless / unit
0.0% of total
5.4032e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
3.4674e-09disease incidence / unit
0.0% of total
0.000240281kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.97783MJ, net calorific value / unit
0.0% of total
5.6335e-07kg Sb-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
6.7660e-05m3 world Eq deprived / unit
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous
GLO
polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous
0.03
kilogram
-
0.000267462mol H+-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0867998kg CO2-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.432419CTUe / unit
0.0% of total
9.7687e-06kg P-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
4.6430e-05kg N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.000499815mol N-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
2.4391e-11CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
4.9220e-10CTUh / unit
0.0% of total
0.00651703kBq U235-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0845168dimensionless / unit
0.0% of total
4.6220e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
2.6942e-09disease incidence / unit
0.0% of total
0.000212855kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
1.94856MJ, net calorific value / unit
0.0% of total
2.4661e-07kg Sb-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
0.0101855m3 world Eq deprived / unit
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for steel, low-alloyed
GLO
steel, low-alloyed
3.8
kilogram
-
0.0237229mol H+-Eq / unit
0.5% of total
8.12121kg CO2-Eq / unit
2.7% of total
19.1594CTUe / unit
0.9% of total
0.00316676kg P-Eq / unit
0.2% of total
0.00548459kg N-Eq / unit
1.3% of total
0.058526mol N-Eq / unit
1.4% of total
2.8286e-08CTUh / unit
4.8% of total
1.9384e-07CTUh / unit
0.8% of total
1.45416kBq U235-Eq / unit
1.8% of total
19.4176dimensionless / unit
0.7% of total
7.8383e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
0.4% of total
5.5322e-07disease incidence / unit
3.7% of total
0.0249943kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
1.6% of total
71.2824MJ, net calorific value / unit
1.8% of total
7.1723e-05kg Sb-Eq / unit
0.0% of total
1.32814m3 world Eq deprived / unit
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
6 CLIC nodes
and 9 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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