CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Lithium-sulfur batteries

cathode production, for LiS battery

Reference product cathode GLO

Published Version 1.0.0 Latest published

Stable dataset identity cathode-production-for-lis-battery

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Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY 4.0
Published
2026-07-15
Version
1.0.0
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.

Description

Source: Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141

Source

Scientific journal publication

Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Based on Arvidsson et al. (2018) and Kolosnitsyn and Karaseva (2015)

Dataset details Expand Collapse

Dataset details

Classification
Lithium-sulfur batteries (materials/batteries/li-sulfur)
Background database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.

Classification path: Materials > Batteries > Lithium-sulfur batteries

Keywords

  • batteries
  • lithium-sulfur batteries

External references

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Technology profile

Technology characterization

Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.

Commercial maturity stage
Demonstration
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided

Inventory workspace

Inventory & impacts

Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 6.63202 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0111829 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 6.63202 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 43.438 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00225932 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.00195367 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication -0.023201 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 3.4538e-09 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 1.6875e-07 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 9.07848 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 58.2144 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 4.1430e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 1.2183e-07 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.003303 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 159.201 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 3.0442e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 34.5218 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 13:43 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow

1 row

Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
cathode production, for LiS battery
GLO
cathode
1
kilogram - Reference flow

Inputs

Technosphere inputs

9 rows

Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
market for sulfur
GLO
sulfur
0.68
kilogram -
1.48761 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 22.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyvinylfluoride
GLO
polyvinylfluoride
0.1
kilogram -
1.7284 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 26.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for acetonitrile
GLO
acetonitrile
0.06
kilogram -
0.195429 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.9% of total
BAFU:2025
aluminium foil production, for LiS battery
GLO
aluminium foil
0.12
kilogram -
0.628001 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 9.5% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
CMK-3 production, for LiS battery
GLO
CMK-3
0.1
kilogram -
1.14487 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 17.3% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
market group for electricity, medium voltage
Europe without Switzerland
electricity, medium voltage
6.29
kilowatt hour
Metadata (1)
Comment
Multiplied by 10e3 as reference unit was changed from grams to kg
0.563468 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 8.5% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
0.49
megajoule
Metadata (1)
Comment
Multiplied by 10e3 as reference unit was changed from grams to kg
0.044006 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for cooling energy
GLO
cooling energy
16.4
megajoule
Metadata (1)
Comment
Multiplied by 10e3 as reference unit was changed from grams to kg
0.96425 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 14.5% of total
BAFU:2025
market for spent solvent mixture
RoW
spent solvent mixture
-0.06
kilogram -
-0.124015 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram -1.9% of total
BAFU:2025

Parameters

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Evidence and scrutiny

Quality & review

Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.

Quality and maturity details Expand Collapse

Quality and maturity

TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.

Community

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Raw uploaded files

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Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Version Published Link
Version 1.0.0 2026-07-15 Current view
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