current collector production, for VRFB system

Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Scientific journal publication

Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, Selina Weber, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, and Marcel Weil, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10864−10873, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073

Background database: ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model: cut-off
Biosphere database: ecoinvent / 3.9

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Publication DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year: 2018
Inventory reference year: Not specified
Foreground modelling approach: Not specified
Allocated product inventory: Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment: Not specified
Inventory contributions: Not specified
Methodology notes: Published model and current reference
Weber et al. (2018) describes a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh VRFB for renewables support, using 1 MWh delivered electricity as its study functional unit. Its original openLCA 1.6/ecoinvent 3.3 cut-off model, later ecoinvent 3.7.1 export and current CLIC profiles are distinct. Source publication, software/export dates and assumed equipment performance do not establish a measured reference year for each material process.

Source archive
The supporting native archive retains a 2018 publication date and was created in 2024. It describes a corrected electrolyte and an unspecified remaining dataset error; its older background export does not certify the current component recipe or supplier binding.
System boundary: The declared 1 kilogram reference and its recorded suppliers or signed services. Material/component manufacture, installed-system provision, lifetime operation and retirement keep separate denominators.
Included life cycle stages: Manufacturing
Technology description: The source uses 20 mm copper plates at the stack ends, represented by one kg copper and sheet-rolling service per kg collector.
Intended application: Reuse within the documented VRFB model with the correct material, batch/component unit, current engineering reference and original background/profile pairing.
Use limitations: Rolling-service mass is separate from retained stock. The geometry does not independently establish measured electrical performance or a plant production capacity.
Data origins: Literature

Other fields not yet completed (5)

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type

Publications (2)

Citation: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, Selina Weber, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, and Marcel Weil, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10864−10873, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2018
Relation: Primary source
Authors: Selina Weber; Jens F. Peters · 0000-0002-4802-7806; Manuel Baumann · 0000-0002-8374-4624; Marcel Weil · 0000-0003-0151-9990

Citation: Weber, S., Peters, J. F., Baumann, M., and Weil, M. (2018). Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Zenodo v3: accepted manuscript and native inventory files; record created 2024. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10589869.
Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10589869
Url: https://zenodo.org/records/10589869
Source type: Other
Publication year: 2018
Relation: Supporting source
Authors: Selina Weber; Jens F. Peters · 0000-0002-4802-7806; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil · 0000-0003-0151-9990

Projects (1)

Name: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures
Acronym: SCI
Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Relation: Source study

Funding (1)

Organization: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres · https://ror.org/0281dp749
Project: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures

Evidence and qualifications (18)

Target field: data_origins
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance.

Target field: included_life_cycle_stages
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: name
Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1021%2Facs.est.8b02073
Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline
Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Original paper byline and historical affiliations; DOI deposits; source-study institutional identity records
Qualification: Preserve paper publication years 2025/2018, not DOI submission year 2024 or archive creation year 2024. Historical HIU/KIT and SLU affiliations remain distinct from later repository affiliations or email domains. Article authors are not assigned as inventory contributors. HIPOLE polymer institute remains distinct from the GSI physics institute and has no verified ROR in this review.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/10589869
Source location: Author archive correction/residual-error statement, original/archival SI S8 and native c94ceb7a; CLIC exact-version checks
Qualification: Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of current collector, for VRFB system; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match.

Target field: funding
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Source acknowledgments; CORDIS860403 and verified funder identities
Qualification: Original source acknowledges Helmholtz Society SCI program. Keep this source-study support separate from HIU/KIT employment, later Oxkem/Martin formulation and CLIC development funding. No unprinted award number is invented.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/design_capacity; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/design_capacity_unit; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/capacity_factor_percent; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/annual_production_volume; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/annual_production_volume_unit; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/annual_production_volume_year; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: fields/plant_lifetime_years; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Curator assessment of established VRFB or ordinary material/hardware manufacturing routes. The 2018manufacturer/material context and 2025primary comparative paper support commercial VRFB availability over decades. Numeric9is not source-assigned and does not certify this reconstructed material, system-performance or mining/chemical LCI. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Curator assessment of established VRFB or ordinary material/hardware manufacturing routes. The 2018manufacturer/material context and 2025primary comparative paper support commercial VRFB availability over decades. Numeric9is not source-assigned and does not certify this reconstructed material, system-performance or mining/chemical LCI. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of generic industrial/engineering reconstruction and transferred supplier data. At least3for component/upstream process proxies;4for custom controls and modelled future end-of-life paths. Existing conservative scores are retained. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment: regional industrial upstream references do not establish perfect country-wide production coverage. Generic RER/GLO component and future treatment transfers are regional/global proxies, not exact factory samples. Keep existing more conservative ratings. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Historical2018inventory and older upstream/material data are not refreshed by a2024deposit, solvent datasheet or corrected export. Modelled future end-of-life also has uncertain vintage. Curator score4records historical/mixed/proxy temporal coverage. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.

Commercial maturity stage: Mature commercial

Design capacity: Not provided

Design capacity unit: Not provided

Capacity factor: Not provided

Annual production volume: Not provided

Annual production volume unit: Not provided

Annual production volume year: Not provided

Plant lifetime: Not provided

Technology readiness level

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 6 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Exchange impact indicator (EF v3.1)

Climate change 8.87694 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals

Acidification 0.915008 mol H+-Eq / kilogram

Climate change 8.87694 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Freshwater ecotoxicity 76.1818 CTUe / kilogram

Freshwater eutrophication 0.022484 kg P-Eq / kilogram

Marine eutrophication 0.0167824 kg N-Eq / kilogram

Terrestrial eutrophication 0.17215 mol N-Eq / kilogram

Human toxicity, cancer 1.0019e-08 CTUh / kilogram

Human toxicity, non-cancer 4.3259e-07 CTUh / kilogram

Ionising radiation 3.08837 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram

Land use 73.3947 dimensionless / kilogram

Ozone depletion 1.9281e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram

Particulate matter 1.0973e-06 disease incidence / kilogram

Photochemical ozone formation 0.0978849 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram

Resource use, fossils 117.495 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram

Resource use, minerals and metals 0.000132922 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram

Water use 8.23865 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram

Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-11-03 09:08 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
current collector production, for VRFB system RER	current collector, for VRFB system	1	kilogram	-	Reference flow

Technosphere inputs 5 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
market for copper, cathode GLO	copper, cathode	1	kilogram	Metadata (1) Comment Copper plate, material	8.50959 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 95.9% of total BAFU:2025
market for sheet rolling, copper GLO	sheet rolling, copper	1	kilogram	Metadata (1) Comment Copper plate, processing	0.302146 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.4% of total BAFU:2025
market for metal working factory GLO	metal working factory	4.00e-10	unit	Metadata (1) Comment Infrastructure	0.0396822 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.4% of total BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO5 RER	transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO5	0.1	ton kilometer	Metadata (1) Comment Transport, lorry	0.0221824 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.2% of total BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight train Europe without Switzerland	transport, freight train	0.2	ton kilometer	Metadata (1) Comment Transport, train	0.00334602 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025

Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Versions & changes 2 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

Version 1.0.0
Published 2026-07-15

First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.
Published
Version 1.0.1
Published 2026-07-21

No overall rationale was recorded for this version.
Published · Viewing · Latest

Show full version history table (2 versions)

Version	Published	Reason for this version	Link
Version 1.0.1	2026-07-21	No overall rationale was recorded for this version.	Current view
Version 1.0.0	2026-07-15	First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.	Open version

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About this version

Why this version changed

No overall rationale was recorded for this version.

Changes from version 1.0.0 Compare this version with its predecessor. Exchanges are grouped by type and change; biosphere labels include their environmental compartments. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Why this version changed

No overall rationale was recorded for this version.

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges: 1
Added exchanges: 0
Removed exchanges: 0
Inventory metadata: 0
Version metadata: 10

Reference flows modified 1

Reference flows modified
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
current collector production, for VRFB system (production / RER / kilogram)	Linked database record	vanadium-redox-flow-battery / 62cdbae6ddb66d4adaf2b46f605ac326	Not set	No explanation was recorded for this change.

Metadata changes 10

Metadata changes
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
Version metadata	Commercial maturity stage	early_commercial	mature_commercial	No explanation was recorded for this change.
Version metadata	Description	As a current collector, copper plates with a thickness of 20 mm are used at both ends of the stack. It is assumed that 1 kg of copper is required for the production of 1 kg of current collector. The processing of the plate is assumed to be sheet rolled. Accordingly, the ecoinvent dataset “sheet rolling, copper” is applied. Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of current collector, for VRFB system; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match.	Copper current-collector manufacture, per declared output 1 kilogram.
Version metadata	Methodology and allocation explanation	Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of current collector, for VRFB system; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match.	Published model and current reference Weber et al. (2018) describes a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh VRFB for renewables support, using 1 MWh delivered electricity as its study functional unit. Its original openLCA 1.6/ecoinvent 3.3 cut-off model, later ecoinvent 3.7.1 export and current CLIC profiles are distinct. Source publication, software/export dates and assumed equipment performance do not establish a measured reference year for each material process. Source archive The supporting native archive retains a 2018 publication date and was created in 2024. It describes a corrected electrolyte and an unspecified remaining dataset error; its older background export does not certify the current component recipe or supplier binding.
Version metadata	Contributors, publications, projects and supporting evidence	Funding: 1. Project: Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Funding: 1. Project: Name: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures Funding: 1. Project: Acronym: SCI Funding: 1. Project: Relation: source_study Funding: 1. Project: Grant identifier: Not set Funding: 1. Organization: Ror: https://ror.org/0281dp749 Funding: 1. Organization: Url: https://www.helmholtz.de/ Funding: 1. Organization: Name: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Funding: 1. Award identifier: Not set Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 3. Target field: publications Evidence: 3. Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers. Evidence: 3. Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline Evidence: 3. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1021%2Facs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Preserve paper publication years 2025/2018, not DOI submission year 2024 or archive creation year 2024. Historical HIU/KIT and SLU affiliations remain distinct from later repository affiliations or email domains. Article authors are not assigned as inventory contributors. HIPOLE polymer institute remains distinct from the GSI physics institute and has no verified ROR in this review. Evidence: 4. Source location: Original paper byline and historical affiliations; DOI deposits; source-study institutional identity records Evidence: 4. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 5. Qualification: Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of current collector, for VRFB system; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match. Evidence: 5. Source location: Author archive correction/residual-error statement, original/archival SI S8 and native c94ceb7a; CLIC exact-version checks Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/10589869 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: funding Evidence: 6. Qualification: Original source acknowledges Helmholtz Society SCI program. Keep this source-study support separate from HIU/KIT employment, later Oxkem/Martin formulation and CLIC development funding. No unprinted award number is invented. Evidence: 6. Source location: Source acknowledgments; CORDIS860403 and verified funder identities Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Projects: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Projects: 1. Name: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures Projects: 1. Acronym: SCI Projects: 1. Relation: source_study Projects: 1. Grant identifier: Not set Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Selina Weber Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/034rhsb33 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://hiu-batteries.de/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Jens F. Peters Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: 0000-0002-4802-7806 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/034rhsb33 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://hiu-batteries.de/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Manuel Baumann Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: 0000-0002-8374-4624 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Marcel Weil Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: 0000-0003-0151-9990 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Citation: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, Selina Weber, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, and Marcel Weil, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10864−10873, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2018	Funding: 1. Project: Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Funding: 1. Project: Name: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures Funding: 1. Project: Acronym: SCI Funding: 1. Project: Relation: source_study Funding: 1. Project: Grant identifier: Not set Funding: 1. Organization: Ror: https://ror.org/0281dp749 Funding: 1. Organization: Url: https://www.helmholtz.de/ Funding: 1. Organization: Name: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Funding: 1. Award identifier: Not set Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 3. Target field: publications Evidence: 3. Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers. Evidence: 3. Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline Evidence: 3. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1021%2Facs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Preserve paper publication years 2025/2018, not DOI submission year 2024 or archive creation year 2024. Historical HIU/KIT and SLU affiliations remain distinct from later repository affiliations or email domains. Article authors are not assigned as inventory contributors. HIPOLE polymer institute remains distinct from the GSI physics institute and has no verified ROR in this review. Evidence: 4. Source location: Original paper byline and historical affiliations; DOI deposits; source-study institutional identity records Evidence: 4. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 5. Qualification: Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of current collector, for VRFB system; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match. Evidence: 5. Source location: Author archive correction/residual-error statement, original/archival SI S8 and native c94ceb7a; CLIC exact-version checks Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/10589869 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: funding Evidence: 6. Qualification: Original source acknowledges Helmholtz Society SCI program. Keep this source-study support separate from HIU/KIT employment, later Oxkem/Martin formulation and CLIC development funding. No unprinted award number is invented. Evidence: 6. Source location: Source acknowledgments; CORDIS860403 and verified funder identities Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 7. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 7. Source location: fields/design_capacity; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 8. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 8. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 8. Source location: fields/design_capacity_unit; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 8. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 9. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 9. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 9. Source location: fields/capacity_factor_percent; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 10. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 10. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 10. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 10. Source location: fields/annual_production_volume; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 10. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 11. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 11. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 11. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 11. Source location: fields/annual_production_volume_unit; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 11. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 12. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 12. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 12. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 12. Source location: fields/annual_production_volume_year; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 12. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 13. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 13. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 13. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: No new exact-context value established. Preserve existing reference and power/energy/source scope without annual observation-year or utilization inference. Evidence classification: corrected model scope and calendar review. Confidence: high for current model definition not measured operation. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 13. Source location: fields/plant_lifetime_years; exact current installed/lifetime ledgers and Weber source system/use assumptions Evidence: 13. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 14. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 14. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 14. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Curator assessment of established VRFB or ordinary material/hardware manufacturing routes. The 2018manufacturer/material context and 2025primary comparative paper support commercial VRFB availability over decades. Numeric9is not source-assigned and does not certify this reconstructed material, system-performance or mining/chemical LCI. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 14. Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json Evidence: 14. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 15. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 15. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 15. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Curator assessment of established VRFB or ordinary material/hardware manufacturing routes. The 2018manufacturer/material context and 2025primary comparative paper support commercial VRFB availability over decades. Numeric9is not source-assigned and does not certify this reconstructed material, system-performance or mining/chemical LCI. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 15. Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json Evidence: 15. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 16. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 16. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 16. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of generic industrial/engineering reconstruction and transferred supplier data. At least3for component/upstream process proxies;4for custom controls and modelled future end-of-life paths. Existing conservative scores are retained. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 16. Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json Evidence: 16. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 17. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 17. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 17. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment: regional industrial upstream references do not establish perfect country-wide production coverage. Generic RER/GLO component and future treatment transfers are regional/global proxies, not exact factory samples. Keep existing more conservative ratings. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 17. Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json Evidence: 17. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Evidence: 18. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 18. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 18. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1386. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Historical2018inventory and older upstream/material data are not refreshed by a2024deposit, solvent datasheet or corrected export. Modelled future end-of-life also has uncertain vintage. Curator score4records historical/mixed/proxy temporal coverage. Evidence classification: source boundary review and qualified route or proxy assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 18. Source location: Weber source application/materials/use/end-of-life sections; repository warning; Zhang2025vanadium-commercial-route comparison; vanadium-flow-source-reading.json Evidence: 18. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Projects: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Projects: 1. Name: Storage and Cross-Linked Infrastructures Projects: 1. Acronym: SCI Projects: 1. Relation: source_study Projects: 1. Grant identifier: Not set Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Selina Weber Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/034rhsb33 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://hiu-batteries.de/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Jens F. Peters Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: 0000-0002-4802-7806 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/034rhsb33 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://hiu-batteries.de/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Manuel Baumann Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: 0000-0002-8374-4624 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Marcel Weil Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: 0000-0003-0151-9990 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlstrasse 11, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.kit.edu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 2. Name: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Publications: 1. Citation: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, Selina Weber, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, and Marcel Weil, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 10864−10873, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02073 Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2018 Publications: 2. Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10589869 Publications: 2. Url: https://zenodo.org/records/10589869 Publications: 2. Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Selina Weber Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/034rhsb33 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://hiu-batteries.de/ Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Germany Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Jens F. Peters Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: 0000-0002-4802-7806 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04pmn0e78 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.uah.es/ Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Universidad de Alcalá Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Manuel Baumann Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Germany Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Marcel Weil Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: 0000-0003-0151-9990 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/04t3en479 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.itas.kit.edu/ Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: ITAS, Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Germany Publications: 2. Citation: Weber, S., Peters, J. F., Baumann, M., and Weil, M. (2018). Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Zenodo v3: accepted manuscript and native inventory files; record created 2024. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10589869. Publications: 2. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 2. Source type: other Publications: 2. Publication year: 2018
Version metadata	Technology readiness level	8	9
Version metadata	Temporal representativeness	3	4
Version metadata	Intended application	Not set	Reuse within the documented VRFB model with the correct material, batch/component unit, current engineering reference and original background/profile pairing.	Apply reviewed discovery metadata and change explanations from the curated release.
Version metadata	System boundary	Not set	The declared 1 kilogram reference and its recorded suppliers or signed services. Material/component manufacture, installed-system provision, lifetime operation and retirement keep separate denominators.
Version metadata	Technology description	Not set	The source uses 20 mm copper plates at the stack ends, represented by one kg copper and sheet-rolling service per kg collector.
Version metadata	Limitations on use	Not set	Rolling-service mass is separate from retained stock. The geometry does not independently establish measured electrical performance or a plant production capacity.

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current collector production, for VRFB system

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