CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Lithium-ion batteries

electrolyte, for Li-ion battery

Reference product electrolyte, for Li-ion battery GLO

Published Version 1.0.1 Latest published

Stable dataset identity electrolyte-for-li-ion-battery

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Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Published
2026-07-21
Version
1.0.1
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.

Description

Curator note: This activity represents electrolyte, for Li-ion battery in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.

Source

Scientific journal publication

Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48.
The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nicke-manganese-cobalt (NMC111) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory".
Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619

Dataset details Expand Collapse

Dataset details

Classification
Lithium-ion batteries (materials/batteries/li-ion)
Background database
ecoinvent / 3.8
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.8
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.

Classification path: Materials > Batteries > Lithium-ion batteries

Keywords

  • batteries
  • lithium-ion batteries

External references

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Technology profile

Technology characterization

Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.

Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Changes from version 1.0.0 Automatically detected by comparing the complete inventory snapshots. Exchange row order is ignored; structured proposal edits preserve their published-row correspondence. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges
0
Added exchanges
0
Removed exchanges
0
Inventory metadata
0
Version metadata
1

Metadata changes

Scope Field Previous value Revised value
Version metadata Description Activity provenance recorded in the source workbook: Originally from Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48.
The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nicke-manganese-cobalt (NMC111) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory".
Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619		 Curator note: This activity represents electrolyte, for Li-ion battery in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.

Inventory workspace

Inventory & impacts

Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 5.2248 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0456539 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 5.2248 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 62.538 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00267192 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.00943353 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.059813 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 4.1295e-09 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 1.0320e-07 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 1.62992 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 27.5478 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 5.5937e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 3.3536e-07 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.0182244 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 86.5432 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 5.6048e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 9.78716 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 14:22 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow

1 row

Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
electrolyte, for Li-ion battery
GLO
electrolyte, for Li-ion battery
1
kilogram - Reference flow

Inputs

Technosphere inputs

6 rows

Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
4.00e-10
unit -
0.0386501 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for dimethyl carbonate
GLO
dimethyl carbonate
0.42
kilogram -
1.34036 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 25.7% of total
BAFU:2025
vinyl carbonate
GLO
vinyl carbonate
0.02
kilogram -
0.343509 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 6.6% of total
CLIC v1.0.1
market for ethylene carbonate
GLO
ethylene carbonate
0.42
kilogram -
0.635474 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 12.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
GLO
electricity, medium voltage
0.42
kilowatt hour -
0.239137 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 4.6% of total
BAFU:2025
market for lithium hexafluorophosphate
GLO
lithium hexafluorophosphate
0.13
kilogram -
2.62766 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 50.3% of total
BAFU:2025

Parameters

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Evidence and scrutiny

Quality & review

Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.

Quality and maturity details Expand Collapse

Quality and maturity

TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.

Community

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Files & versions

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Raw uploaded files

Contributor files preserved with this public version.

Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Version Published Link
Version 1.0.1 2026-07-21 Current view
Version 1.0.0 2026-07-15 Open version
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