Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
Purification process for natural graphite. Source: Engels P, Cerdas F, Dettmer T, Frey C, Hentschel J, Herrmann C, et al. Life cycle assessment of natural graphite production for lithium-ion battery anodes based on industrial primary data. J Clean Prod 2022;336:130474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.130474.
Source
Scientific journal publication
Engels P, Cerdas F, Dettmer T, Frey C, Hentschel J, Herrmann C, et al. Life cycle assessment of natural graphite production for lithium-ion battery anodes based on industrial primary data. J Clean Prod 2022;336:130474. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.130474.
Dataset detailsExpandCollapse
Dataset details
Classification
Graphite (materials/carbon-materials/graphite)
Background database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
1
These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.0195095
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change5.35518
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity10.7392
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000971909
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00256926
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0139597
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils61.817
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.2024e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use35.9106
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.0195095
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change5.35518
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity10.7392
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000971909
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00256926
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.0459024
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer2.3490e-09
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer4.8923e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation0.749813
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use2.67139
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion2.6346e-07
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter1.3515e-07
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0139597
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils61.817
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.2024e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use35.9106
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:44 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
graphite purification
CN
graphite, purified
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Emissions
2 rows
Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
Carbon dioxide, fossil
air
0.06
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
64.407 kg CO2/t
0mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.05775kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Water
air
3.20e-04
cubic meter
Metadata (1)
Comment
320.145 kg, as steam to air
0mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0137502m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
11 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market group for electricity, medium voltage
CN
electricity, medium voltage
0.3
kilowatt hour
Metadata (1)
Comment
305 kWh/t
0.000190262mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.218582kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
4.1% of total
0.634137CTUe / kilogram
5.9% of total
4.4776e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
4.6% of total
5.7254e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
2.2% of total
0.000535632mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
1.1091e-10CTUh / kilogram
4.7% of total
2.2227e-09CTUh / kilogram
4.5% of total
0.0213026kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.8% of total
0.853526dimensionless / kilogram
32.0% of total
6.4184e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.2955e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.000174161kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
2.39475MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
3.9% of total
8.6489e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
0.0186673m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for diesel, burned in building machine
GLO
diesel, burned in building machine
0.01
megajoule
Metadata (1)
Comment
0.249 kg/t, for forklift
3.6614e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00113256kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00223834CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.5777e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.6476e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.7810e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.7975e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.7608e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.4712e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0012764dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.3430e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.4376e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.5383e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0144701MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.9173e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000202084m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for natural gas, high pressure
RoW
natural gas, high pressure
0.03
cubic meter
Metadata (1)
Comment
1050 MJ/t, 38.3 MJ/m3
3.7627e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.00533258kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.161709CTUe / kilogram
1.5% of total
2.9471e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.2421e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
3.1301e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.2619e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
4.3533e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000234501kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0164964dimensionless / kilogram
0.6% of total
1.8525e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
7.1163e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
5.6513e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
1.0271MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
1.7% of total
2.6474e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0136504m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
hydrogen fluoride production
RoW
hydrogen fluoride
0.18
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
180 kg/t. Original "hydrofluoric acid". Used "hydrogen fluoride" as proxy.
0.00958841mol H+-Eq / kilogram
49.1% of total
0.379101kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
7.1% of total
1.58517CTUe / kilogram
14.8% of total
0.000222067kg P-Eq / kilogram
22.8% of total
0.000486756kg N-Eq / kilogram
18.9% of total
0.00491133mol N-Eq / kilogram
10.7% of total
3.6127e-10CTUh / kilogram
15.4% of total
4.9366e-09CTUh / kilogram
10.1% of total
0.228468kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
30.5% of total
2.33806dimensionless / kilogram
87.5% of total
1.6087e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
6.1% of total
6.4551e-08disease incidence / kilogram
47.8% of total
0.00258995kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
18.6% of total
10.3235MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
16.7% of total
4.3761e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
36.4% of total
0.253807m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state
RoW
hydrochloric acid, without water, in 30% solution state
0.2
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
200 kg/t
0.000466529mol H+-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.111177kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
2.1% of total
1.07729CTUe / kilogram
10.0% of total
8.4897e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
8.7% of total
9.3420e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
3.6% of total
0.00073853mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.6% of total
1.9393e-10CTUh / kilogram
8.3% of total
8.7040e-09CTUh / kilogram
17.8% of total
0.0902461kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
12.0% of total
0.685624dimensionless / kilogram
25.7% of total
1.6150e-07kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
61.3% of total
3.2876e-09disease incidence / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.00026833kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.9% of total
2.18516MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
3.5% of total
4.4554e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
37.1% of total
0.0670305m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for nitric acid, without water, in 50% solution state
CN
nitric acid, without water, in 50% solution state
0.1
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
100 kg/t
0.00130158mol H+-Eq / kilogram
6.7% of total
0.300102kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
5.6% of total
0.248857CTUe / kilogram
2.3% of total
1.1767e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.000239691kg N-Eq / kilogram
9.3% of total
0.00571975mol N-Eq / kilogram
12.5% of total
3.6812e-11CTUh / kilogram
1.6% of total
6.1279e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.3% of total
0.00576803kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.136447dimensionless / kilogram
5.1% of total
2.5059e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
8.4492e-09disease incidence / kilogram
6.3% of total
0.000657001kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
4.7% of total
1.23557MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
2.0% of total
4.5659e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
3.8% of total
0.0230141m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for tap water
RoW
tap water
25
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
25 m3/t
8.7984e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00336896kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.216329CTUe / kilogram
2.0% of total
1.5394e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.4820e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.3481e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.9119e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
8.5929e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.00811318kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.114656dimensionless / kilogram
4.3% of total
1.4980e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.9088e-10disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
8.3777e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0959087MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.2% of total
9.0876e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0069475m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for lime
RoW
lime
0.4
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Comment
400 kg/t
0.000557608mol H+-Eq / kilogram
2.9% of total
0.335574kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
6.3% of total
0.264428CTUe / kilogram
2.5% of total
1.3222e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.000177255kg N-Eq / kilogram
6.9% of total
0.00203466mol N-Eq / kilogram
4.4% of total
3.5139e-11CTUh / kilogram
1.5% of total
1.7433e-09CTUh / kilogram
3.6% of total
0.0247753kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
3.3% of total
0.165618dimensionless / kilogram
6.2% of total
1.6938e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
2.5240e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.9% of total
0.000614994kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
4.4% of total
1.60072MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
2.6% of total
3.4901e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.0813008m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.35
ton kilometer
Metadata (1)
Comment
transport o fhydrogen fluoride to plant
0.00157455mol H+-Eq / kilogram
8.1% of total
0.378217kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
7.1% of total
0.987889CTUe / kilogram
9.2% of total
4.2705e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
4.4% of total
0.000594291kg N-Eq / kilogram
23.1% of total
0.00635517mol N-Eq / kilogram
13.8% of total
1.4687e-10CTUh / kilogram
6.3% of total
3.2983e-09CTUh / kilogram
6.7% of total
0.0753982kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
10.1% of total
2.91045dimensionless / kilogram
108.9% of total
5.8296e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
22.1% of total
1.2421e-08disease incidence / kilogram
9.2% of total
0.00224738kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
16.1% of total
5.48115MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
8.9% of total
1.2593e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
10.5% of total
0.561169m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
1.6% of total
-5.7540e-10disease incidence / kilogram
-0.4% of total
-3.3382e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
-0.2% of total
-0.0805372MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-3.7779e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
-0.3% of total
-0.00631587m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
2 CLIC nodes
and 11 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
12345
strongweak
Missing exchange uncertainty generation:
Not requested
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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Report this dataset or version
Use this form to report a problem with this dataset or version. To report an individual public comment, use “Report this comment” beside that comment. To propose better numerical inventory data, use “Suggest an inventory improvement” in the inventory section.