hydrogen production, coal gasification

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type, Included life cycle stages

Citation

Jiaquan Li; Yi-Ming Wei; Lancui Liu; Xiaoyu Li; Rui Yan (2022). The carbon footprint and cost of coal-based hydrogen production with and without carbon capture and storage technology in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 362, 132514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Title

The carbon footprint and cost of coal-based hydrogen production with and without carbon capture and storage technology in China

Doi

10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Url

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source type

Scientific journal

Publication year

2022

Relation

Primary source

Authors

Jiaquan Li; Yi-Ming Wei; Lancui Liu; Xiaoyu Li; Rui Yan

Citation

Andrew Simons; Christian Bauer (2011). Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production. In A. Wokaun and E. Wilhelm (eds.), Transition to Hydrogen: Pathways Toward Clean Transportation, pp. 13–57. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139018036.006

Title

Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production

Doi

10.1017/cbo9781139018036.006

Url

https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139018036.006

Source type

Book chapter

Publication year

2011

Relation

Supporting source

Authors

Andrew Simons; Christian Bauer

Target field

publications

Origin

Source import

Source reference

Existing published CLIC inventory documentation

Source location

source

Qualification

Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.

Target field

publications

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Publisher-deposited registry /message/title, /message/published and /message/author

Qualification

Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.

Target field

data_origins

Origin

Source import

Source reference

Existing published CLIC inventory documentation

Source location

source

Qualification

Documented inputs to this compilation/model, not newly measured data. Omitted tags remain unspecified. Literature denotes cited inventory sources.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Source import

Source reference

Existing published CLIC inventory documentation

Source location

description

Qualification

Only this supplied activity is described; whole-paper life-cycle boundaries not copied onto components.

Target field

publications

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

provenance

Qualification

Li et al. (2022) remains the declared primary source for updated coal-hydrogen inputs, with five ordered authors, Journal of Cleaner Production 362, article 132514, issue 15 August 2022. The saved recipe is a composite with older per-MJ inventory ancestry and deliberate coal adjustments; it is not verified as a complete reproduction of Li. The relevant 2011 book chapter is Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production, by Andrew Simons and Christian Bauer, pp. 13–57, DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139018036.006. Alexander Wokaun and Erik Wilhelm are book editors, not this chapter's authors. Crossref print date 6 October and Cambridge online date 5 November 2011 are distinct. The chapter's full inventory is unrecovered. Volkart et al. (2013) is a supporting CCS source, not the Chinese hydrogen plant study. Publication years do not establish inventory reference years.

Target field

methodology_notes

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

normalization

Qualification

Both saved activities produce 1 kg low-pressure gaseous H2, with documented LHV 120 MJ/kg. Older legacy per-MJ rows and newer per-kg Li updates have different bases; do not apply a blanket extra factor of 120. The current 6.771 kg coal input differs from the comment's 8.99 kg/kg H2 attributed to Li. The compiler calls the difference upstream supply losses already included in coal markets, but original assay, moisture, heating value, on-site carbon fate and loss allocation are unverified. Matching 17.77 kg direct CO2 with 6.771 kg coal implies about 71.6 percent carbon only if all that CO2 derives from the coal. This conditional calculation does not prove a 24.68 percent supply loss or authorize restoring 8.99 alone. Coal source China, saved RoW activity, GLO electricity and legacy European CCS ancestry have distinct geographic scopes. Explicit source heat/oxygen/steam boundaries remain unrecovered; absent foreground rows do not alone prove missing inputs.

Target field

methodology_notes

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

water

Qualification

CCS water formulas need a coordinated source-unit review. The saved cooling water is 0.032 m3 per kg H2, while its comment says per kg captured CO2. Deionised water is 10.24 kg, with a separate -0.01024 m3 wastewater purchase. A second -0.039968754 m3 wastewater purchase reproduces 0.032 + 0.01024 - 0.002271246, again including the deionised water. The subtraction is 600 US gallons per tonne CO2 converted to m3 per kg CO2, but not multiplied by the parent 15.29 kg captured CO2. The two treatment purchases total 0.050208754 m3 versus 0.04224 m3 of recorded fresh inputs. This flags possible overlap and mixed kg-H2/kg-CO2 bases; unlisted steam, recycle and reaction water prevent a certified closed balance. Scaling the stated evaporation by capture gives 0.03472735134 m3, larger than the saved 0.032 m3 cooling input. Alternatively treating that cooling comment literally changes the entire ledger. Recover Li tables/SI and define withdrawal, consumption, evaporation and treatment consistently before changing any row. Non-CCS wastewater 0.03607 m3 versus 10.5 kg deionised input likewise needs its complete boundary.

Target field

methodology_notes

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.03.003

Source location

capture

Qualification

The parent carbon ledger closes arithmetically: 17.77 = 2.48 residual + 15.29 kg captured CO2 per kg H2, about 86.04 percent direct capture. This is not a life-cycle GHG reduction percentage. The linked capture helper has no negative atmospheric CO2 credit or direct operating electricity; it adds Selexol, equipment and storage. Its 7e-6 kg Selexol and equal spent-solvent quantity follow Volkart section 2.2.1.3, whose generic 90 percent capture is not an automatic replacement for the Li-derived parent split. Parent power is 4.39 + 3.36 = 7.75 kWh/kg H2, plus linked storage power. Verify pressure and energy ownership before claiming duplication or adding compression. Volkart assumes 200 km pipeline, 1000 m saline storage, 30-year pipeline/well life and 20 bar injection overpressure, not a demonstrated permanent no-leakage outcome. Current storage's 0.00152 tkm per kg CO2 implies 1.52 km literally, already held in case R050. Link that existing coordinated reference-basis review; do not create a duplicate transport-only candidate. Its small supplement contains cement LCIA results, not a complete hydrogen LCI.

Target field

publications

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

entities

Qualification

Li author names/order and publisher affiliation markers are verified, but the institution texts are unrecovered; do not infer affiliations from names or assign one institution to every author. Cambridge displays PSI for the book editors, which does not alone verify the chapter authors' affiliations. The original Volkart byline identifies all three authors with PSI Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis; use the verified Swiss PSI parent ROR 03eh3y714. A laboratory is not a separate institutional parent. Crossref's two NSFC entries share funder DOI 10.13039/501100001809: reconcile them to one source-publication funder with awards 71521002 and 72104026. China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, DOI 10.13039/501100002858, has award 2020M680397. These are registry leads; the Li acknowledgment is unread. Volkart's original acknowledgment names CARMA and funding by CCES, CCEM, SFOE and Alstom Power Service. Preserve these historical source-study roles. Book editors, source authors, repositories, suppliers and funding bodies are distinct; no source-study award or affiliation is propagated into CLIC adapter contributions, projects or funding arrays.

Target field

publications

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

updates

Qualification

Scoped primary DOI/title correction searches and captured Crossref relations found no applicable authoritative standalone erratum; complete main/supplement history remains unproven. A later study or local engineering adjustment is not an erratum. Li main article and supplement were not recovered. The 403 publisher response is a challenge page; HTTP 200 Elsevier TDM XML is metadata only. Guessed mmc1 docx/xlsx/pdf probes returned 404 and do not establish absent supplements. Cambridge chapter landing/registry metadata were recovered, but not its complete inventory. Volkart's original main PDF and small supplementary result workbook were recovered and selected original pages read. Quantity agreement with the pinned local compiler does not independently validate the original paper, supplier binding, uncertainty, industrial performance or physical closure. No source code was executed, authors contacted, catalogue data changed, inventories revised or entities merged.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own per-kg hydrogen production or inhibition-service recipe has no established configured plant capacity, annual output, utilization or calendar life. Background storage lives, recovery/capture fractions, allocation and study/reference scales are different quantities. Per-kg hydrogen inputs and direct carbon split do not identify own plant scale, annual output, utilization or lifetime. Storage infrastructure life and source country/scenario are separate from hydrogen-plant asset performance. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Conventional coal gasification retains qualified curator mature-commercial / 9 class assessment. Integrated CCS retains only broad existing early-commercial context with exact numerical TRL8 cleared; no precise current industrial-readiness certification. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Conventional coal gasification retains qualified curator mature-commercial / 9 class assessment. Integrated CCS retains only broad existing early-commercial context with exact numerical TRL8 cleared; no precise current industrial-readiness certification. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Technological representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology 4 for coal-loss, water and capture-energy transfer; retain more conservative geography 4 for China/RoW/GLO/European scope mix; temporal 4 reflects historical/prospective layers rather than 2022 publication as current-data score 1. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Geographical representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology 4 for coal-loss, water and capture-energy transfer; retain more conservative geography 4 for China/RoW/GLO/European scope mix; temporal 4 reflects historical/prospective layers rather than 2022 publication as current-data score 1. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field

technology_description

Origin

Editor verification

Source reference

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Source location

Li 2022 declared source metadata, exact coal-H2 native/current recipes and supporting legacy capture/storage context

Qualification

Technical-characterisation review TC-2027. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology 4 for coal-loss, water and capture-energy transfer; retain more conservative geography 4 for China/RoW/GLO/European scope mix; temporal 4 reflects historical/prospective layers rather than 2022 publication as current-data score 1. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.