Lithium-ion batteries

integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery

Reference product integrated battery interface system, for Li-ion battery GLO

Published Version 1.0.2 Latest published

Unit: kilogram
Reuse license: CC BY-NC 4.0
Published: 2026-11-03
Version: 1.0.2
Technology maturity: See quality profile

Manufacturing reference for 1 kg of an integrated battery interface system (IBIS), a master interface/controller subcomponent of a lithium-ion battery management system. It represents selected materials and processing, using Ellingsen et al.’s component inventory with Crenna et al.’s documented board adaptation.

Classification: Lithium-ion batteries (materials/batteries/li-ion)
Bookmarks: 0
Raw file downloads: 0
Generated export downloads: 0

Classification path: Materials > Batteries > Lithium-ion batteries

Keywords

Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Scientific journal publication

Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072

Background database: ecoinvent / 3.8
Background system model: cut-off
Biosphere database: ecoinvent / 3.8

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Not provided.

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year: 2014
Inventory reference year: Not specified
Foreground modelling approach: Not specified
Allocated product inventory: Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment: Not specified
Inventory contributions: Not specified
Projects: Not specified
Funding: Not specified
Methodology notes: Materials and processing
Printed direct material stocks total 0.995617 kg per kg reference, leaving 0.004383 kg unassigned. Steel stock of 0.85 kg and brass stock of 0.0057 kg are distinct from their processing services. Regional brass and nylon shares together supply each stated material quantity. The 0.0089 kg moulding service matches the adapted polymer-stock sum; working and moulding services are not additional retained material.

Documented adaptation
Ellingsen et al.’s Table S35 specifies a 0.11 kg through-hole board and 0.0088 kg moulding. Crenna et al.’s NMC111, NMC811 and NCA supplementary rows 32–44 document the surface-mounted-board substitution and 0.0089 kg moulding used here. The board comment refers to a web source accessed 2 April 2020; that access date is not an inventory observation year.

Background profile
This record retains background profile 3.8. Identically named records on profiles 3.8 and 3.9 are separate dataset identities; equal exchange quantities do not establish interchangeable supplier bindings.
System boundary: Selected IBIS constituent supplies and component-processing services per kg. Original S35 rail and lorry freight of 0.17 and 0.087 tkm are absent from this helper. Ownership of those transports and of additional high/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and retirement remains unresolved with the consuming battery system.
Included life cycle stages: Manufacturing
Technology description: The interface supports charge/discharge supervision, high-voltage precharge, contactor control and isolation/current monitoring. The recipe uses a surface-mounted circuit board, steel and brass components, polymer parts and separate working/casting services. It supplies a mass reference rather than one complete physical controller or battery-management system.
Intended application: Represent the stated partial IBIS manufacturing recipe in a battery-management model with explicit component mass, background profile and lifecycle ownership.
Use limitations: The unassigned 0.004383 kg does not establish a material identity or justify scaling known stocks to 1 kg. The source adaptation documents a technology choice, not a published erratum; the original through-hole board and moulding value are not equivalent replacements. Exact provider technology/geography and freight ownership remain unverified. A name/product/unit match does not identify an exact historical supplier root. The source pack’s 26.6 kWh capacity and 253 kg mass do not establish IBIS capacity, annual manufacturing output, service life or replacement frequency. Ellingsen’s software is not established. The original SI is a reused local copy; the recovered manuscript has a later profile wrapper and unverified version status. Publisher full text and a fresh publisher SI were not recovered. No applicable separate inventory erratum was identified in scoped earlier searches, and complete supplementary-file/amendment history remains unverified. Historical manuscript affiliations and each study’s funding have separate provenance from current profiles and CLIC contributor declarations.
Data origins: Literature, Engineering estimate, Proxy

Other fields not yet completed (5)

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type

Publications (2)

Citation: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack
Doi: 10.1111/jiec.12072
Url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2014
Relation: Primary source
Authors: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman

Citation: Eleonora Crenna; Marcel Gauch; Rolf Widmer; Patrick Wäger; Roland Hischier (2021). Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries. Resources, Conservation & Recycling 170, 105619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Title: Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries
Doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2021
Relation: Supporting source
Authors: Eleonora Crenna; Marcel Gauch; Rolf Widmer; Patrick Wäger; Roland Hischier

Evidence and qualifications (21)

Target field: data_origins
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance.

Target field: included_life_cycle_stages
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: name
Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage.

Target field: publications
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC source citation
Source location: source
Qualification: Publication year is stated explicitly in parentheses in the supplied citation. It is not a measurement year, vehicle model year or inventory validity declaration.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: provenance
Qualification: Complete IBIS families comprise 1213/3522/4356 on background 3.8 and 1256/3559/4399 on 3.9. Earlier review covered 1213/1256 only. Ellingsen's original Table S35 is the component source; Crenna2021 SI documents the later modular adaptation. Keep publication first-online date 1 November 2013 and 2014 issue distinct. The original SI is a reused local source copy. A newly recovered public mirror contains an author-uploaded manuscript with a January 2018 profile wrapper; its title, six authors, DOI and corresponding address match publisher metadata, but version/currentness is unverified. Direct publisher full-text access redirected to abstract and fresh SI request returned 403 HTML.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: quantities
Qualification: All six public inventories retain the same nonproduction exchange payload. Each one-kg IBIS has 0.995617 kg printed direct stocks; the residual 0.004383 kg does not prove missing manufacture or authorize renormalization. Steel 0.85 kg and brass 0.0057 kg are distinct from their working/casting services. Sum the two brass and two nylon regional suppliers once within each product; do not treat market shares as extra installed mass. Own source/CLIC functional units are 1 kg, not a complete BMS, one physical controller, pack capacity or full vehicle battery.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Source location: adaptation
Qualification: Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: boundaries
Qualification: IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: entities
Qualification: The qualified manuscript author biographies place Ellingsen, Majeau-Bettez, Singh and Strømman at NTNU and Srivastava/Valøen at Miljøbil Grenland when the article was written. Tel-Tek, Grenland Energy and ResearchGate sidebar Asplan Viak/CIRAIG references are later/profile roles, not automatically the study affiliation. Miljøbil's exact ROR/legal parent is unverified. The manuscript acknowledges Norwegian Research Council support through E-Car and CenSES, with no award number established. Crenna's five authors have Empa source byline; its Horizon 2020 Si-Drive grant 814464 is separate source-study support. Canonical NTNU/Empa/RCN names are verified by exact name/country. Preserve CLIC contributor/funding/project arrays and earlier proposal audit history.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: updates
Qualification: No applicable separate Ellingsen or Crenna inventory erratum was identified in scoped searches; full amendment and supplementary-file history remains unverified. Crenna2021 is an adaptation, not a correction of Ellingsen2013/2014. Existing Crossmark shells and empty registry relations do not certify currentness. Publication-date/profile wrapper conflicts do not justify rewriting inventory reference years. An earlier staging note mentioned GaBi ancestry without evidence; Ellingsen source software remains unestablished and is not assigned. Guarded amendments enrich earlier 1213/1256 metadata proposals with explicit new source evidence, retaining exact baseline and operation hashes; no inventory operation is applied.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Retain mature-commercial / 9 as explicit curator class assessments for ordinary battery enclosure/interface and laminated-pouch manufacture. They do not certify exact retained source/process transfer or source-assigned numerical TRL. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Retain mature-commercial / 9 as explicit curator class assessments for ordinary battery enclosure/interface and laminated-pouch manufacture. They do not certify exact retained source/process transfer or source-assigned numerical TRL. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.

Commercial maturity stage: Mature commercial

Design capacity: Not provided

Design capacity unit: Not provided

Capacity factor: Not provided

Annual production volume: Not provided

Annual production volume unit: Not provided

Annual production volume year: Not provided

Plant lifetime: Not provided

Technology readiness level

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 15 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Exchange impact indicator (EF v3.1)

Climate change 26.0786 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals

Acidification 0.234 mol H+-Eq / kilogram

Climate change 26.0786 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Freshwater ecotoxicity 189.083 CTUe / kilogram

Freshwater eutrophication 0.111011 kg P-Eq / kilogram

Marine eutrophication 0.0320226 kg N-Eq / kilogram

Terrestrial eutrophication 0.327334 mol N-Eq / kilogram

Human toxicity, cancer 5.7630e-08 CTUh / kilogram

Human toxicity, non-cancer 2.3082e-06 CTUh / kilogram

Ionising radiation 5.47078 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram

Land use 209.922 dimensionless / kilogram

Ozone depletion 1.9108e-06 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram

Particulate matter 1.1000e-06 disease incidence / kilogram

Photochemical ozone formation 0.0988337 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram

Resource use, fossils 312.003 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram

Resource use, minerals and metals 0.0145569 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram

Water use 192.947 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram

Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-11-03 09:06 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery GLO	integrated battery interface system, for Li-ion battery	1	kilogram	-	Reference flow

Technosphere inputs 14 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
market for casting, brass GLO	casting, brass	5.70e-03	kilogram	-	0.000360978 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for metal working, average for steel product manufacturing GLO	metal working, average for steel product manufacturing	0.85	kilogram	-	1.31619 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 5.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous GLO	polyethylene terephthalate, granulate, amorphous	6.80e-03	kilogram	-	0.0190399 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.1% of total BAFU:2025
market for electric connector, wire clamp GLO	electric connector, wire clamp	0.02	kilogram	-	0.140424 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.5% of total BAFU:2025
market for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer GLO	acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer	2.00e-04	kilogram	-	0.00090431 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for injection moulding GLO	injection moulding	8.90e-03	kilogram	-	0.00906402 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for electronic component factory GLO	electronic component factory	2.00e-08	unit	-	5.01184 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 19.2% of total BAFU:2025
market for integrated circuit, logic type GLO	integrated circuit, logic type	1.70e-05	kilogram	-	0.0102422 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for steel, low-alloyed GLO	steel, low-alloyed	0.85	kilogram	-	1.81659 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 7.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for printed wiring board, surface mounted, unspecified, Pb free GLO	printed wiring board, surface mounted, unspecified, Pb free	0.11	kilogram	-	17.7242 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 68.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for brass CH	brass	2.85e-05	kilogram	-	6.0828e-05 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for brass RoW	brass	5.67e-03	kilogram	-	0.0121049 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for nylon 6 RER	nylon 6	6.28e-04	kilogram	-	0.00582669 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025
market for nylon 6 RoW	nylon 6	1.27e-03	kilogram	-	0.0117983 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total BAFU:2025

Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Add to download basket

Original source files are currently unavailable, but you can still add this version to your basket for generated package export.

Raw uploaded files 0 files preserved with this version.

Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Versions & changes 3 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

Version 1.0.0
Published 2026-07-15

First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.
Superseded
Version 1.0.1
Published 2026-07-21

No overall rationale was recorded for this version.
Superseded
Version 1.0.2
Published 2026-11-03

The source attribution and reuse conditions of integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery are stated explicitly, alongside consistent catalogue names. The inventory’s component…
Published · Viewing · Latest

Show full version history table (3 versions)

Version	Published	Reason for this version	Link
Version 1.0.2	2026-11-03	The source attribution and reuse conditions of integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery are stated explicitly, alongside consistent catalogue names. The inventory’s component quantities are unchanged.	Current view
Version 1.0.1 Superseded	Published 2026-07-21	No overall rationale was recorded for this version.	Open version
Version 1.0.0 Superseded	Published 2026-07-15	First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.	Open version

Back to browse

About this version

Why this version changed

The source attribution and reuse conditions of integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery are stated explicitly, alongside consistent catalogue names. The inventory’s component quantities are unchanged.

Release notes

Declared foreground licence: CC-BY-NC-4.0. Source publications and external supplier inventories retain their own terms.

Changes from version 1.0.1 Compare this version with its predecessor. Exchanges are grouped by type and change; biosphere labels include their environmental compartments. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Why this version changed

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges: 0
Added exchanges: 0
Removed exchanges: 0
Inventory metadata: 0
Version metadata: 12

Metadata changes 12

Metadata changes
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
Version metadata	Description	Production proxy for 1 kg integrated battery interface system (IBIS), the master interface/controller subcomponent of a lithium-ion battery management system. The component supports charge/discharge supervision, high-voltage precharge, contactor control and isolation/current monitoring. Ellingsen's original Table S35 provides the component inventory; Crenna's 2021 supplement documents the later surface-mounted-board adaptation used here. Direct stocks total 0.995617 kg; equal steel/brass processing services are separate from material stock. Current 0.0089 kg moulding agrees with the adapted polymer sum, while original S35 prints 0.0088 kg. Original direct rail/lorry freight is absent from this helper and requires ownership review. This is a component-manufacturing proxy with unresolved supplier, system-completeness and replacement boundaries. Whole-pack capacity and lifetime are not IBIS metadata.	Manufacturing reference for 1 kg of an integrated battery interface system (IBIS), a master interface/controller subcomponent of a lithium-ion battery management system. It represents selected materials and processing, using Ellingsen et al.’s component inventory with Crenna et al.’s documented board adaptation.	Describe integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery by its actual reference flow, recorded inputs and applicable source qualifications instead of curation instructions and historical decision logs.
Version metadata	Intended application	Traceable IBIS component-manufacturing proxy; resolve complete controller/BMS architecture, supplier profiles and freight/retirement ownership before extrapolating to a battery pack.	Represent the stated partial IBIS manufacturing recipe in a battery-management model with explicit component mass, background profile and lifecycle ownership.	No explanation was recorded for this change.
Version metadata	Methodology and allocation explanation	Complete IBIS families comprise 1213/3522/4356 on background 3.8 and 1256/3559/4399 on 3.9. Earlier review covered 1213/1256 only. Ellingsen's original Table S35 is the component source; Crenna2021 SI documents the later modular adaptation. Keep publication first-online date 1 November 2013 and 2014 issue distinct. The original SI is a reused local source copy. A newly recovered public mirror contains an author-uploaded manuscript with a January 2018 profile wrapper; its title, six authors, DOI and corresponding address match publisher metadata, but version/currentness is unverified. Direct publisher full-text access redirected to abstract and fresh SI request returned 403 HTML. All six public inventories retain the same nonproduction exchange payload. Each one-kg IBIS has 0.995617 kg printed direct stocks; the residual 0.004383 kg does not prove missing manufacture or authorize renormalization. Steel 0.85 kg and brass 0.0057 kg are distinct from their working/casting services. Sum the two brass and two nylon regional suppliers once within each product; do not treat market shares as extra installed mass. Own source/CLIC functional units are 1 kg, not a complete BMS, one physical controller, pack capacity or full vehicle battery. Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed. IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred. The qualified manuscript author biographies place Ellingsen, Majeau-Bettez, Singh and Strømman at NTNU and Srivastava/Valøen at Miljøbil Grenland when the article was written. Tel-Tek, Grenland Energy and ResearchGate sidebar Asplan Viak/CIRAIG references are later/profile roles, not automatically the study affiliation. Miljøbil's exact ROR/legal parent is unverified. The manuscript acknowledges Norwegian Research Council support through E-Car and CenSES, with no award number established. Crenna's five authors have Empa source byline; its Horizon 2020 Si-Drive grant 814464 is separate source-study support. Canonical NTNU/Empa/RCN names are verified by exact name/country. Preserve CLIC contributor/funding/project arrays and earlier proposal audit history. No applicable separate Ellingsen or Crenna inventory erratum was identified in scoped searches; full amendment and supplementary-file history remains unverified. Crenna2021 is an adaptation, not a correction of Ellingsen2013/2014. Existing Crossmark shells and empty registry relations do not certify currentness. Publication-date/profile wrapper conflicts do not justify rewriting inventory reference years. An earlier staging note mentioned GaBi ancestry without evidence; Ellingsen source software remains unestablished and is not assigned. Guarded amendments enrich earlier 1213/1256 metadata proposals with explicit new source evidence, retaining exact baseline and operation hashes; no inventory operation is applied.	Materials and processing Printed direct material stocks total 0.995617 kg per kg reference, leaving 0.004383 kg unassigned. Steel stock of 0.85 kg and brass stock of 0.0057 kg are distinct from their processing services. Regional brass and nylon shares together supply each stated material quantity. The 0.0089 kg moulding service matches the adapted polymer-stock sum; working and moulding services are not additional retained material. Documented adaptation Ellingsen et al.’s Table S35 specifies a 0.11 kg through-hole board and 0.0088 kg moulding. Crenna et al.’s NMC111, NMC811 and NCA supplementary rows 32–44 document the surface-mounted-board substitution and 0.0089 kg moulding used here. The board comment refers to a web source accessed 2 April 2020; that access date is not an inventory observation year. Background profile This record retains background profile 3.8. Identically named records on profiles 3.8 and 3.9 are separate dataset identities; equal exchange quantities do not establish interchangeable supplier bindings.
Version metadata	Publication / citation	Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072. Historical affiliations additionally sourced from a qualified author-uploaded manuscript copy; later profile employment excluded.	Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Version metadata	Source	Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072. Historical affiliations additionally sourced from a qualified author-uploaded manuscript copy; later profile employment excluded.	Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072
Version metadata	Contributors, publications, projects and supporting evidence	Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import Evidence: 3. Target field: publications Evidence: 3. Qualification: Publication year is stated explicitly in parentheses in the supplied citation. It is not a measurement year, vehicle model year or inventory validity declaration. Evidence: 3. Source location: source Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC source citation Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Complete IBIS families comprise 1213/3522/4356 on background 3.8 and 1256/3559/4399 on 3.9. Earlier review covered 1213/1256 only. Ellingsen's original Table S35 is the component source; Crenna2021 SI documents the later modular adaptation. Keep publication first-online date 1 November 2013 and 2014 issue distinct. The original SI is a reused local source copy. A newly recovered public mirror contains an author-uploaded manuscript with a January 2018 profile wrapper; its title, six authors, DOI and corresponding address match publisher metadata, but version/currentness is unverified. Direct publisher full-text access redirected to abstract and fresh SI request returned 403 HTML. Evidence: 4. Source location: provenance Evidence: 4. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 5. Qualification: All six public inventories retain the same nonproduction exchange payload. Each one-kg IBIS has 0.995617 kg printed direct stocks; the residual 0.004383 kg does not prove missing manufacture or authorize renormalization. Steel 0.85 kg and brass 0.0057 kg are distinct from their working/casting services. Sum the two brass and two nylon regional suppliers once within each product; do not treat market shares as extra installed mass. Own source/CLIC functional units are 1 kg, not a complete BMS, one physical controller, pack capacity or full vehicle battery. Evidence: 5. Source location: quantities Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 6. Qualification: Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed. Evidence: 6. Source location: adaptation Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 7. Qualification: IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred. Evidence: 7. Source location: boundaries Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 8. Target field: publications Evidence: 8. Qualification: The qualified manuscript author biographies place Ellingsen, Majeau-Bettez, Singh and Strømman at NTNU and Srivastava/Valøen at Miljøbil Grenland when the article was written. Tel-Tek, Grenland Energy and ResearchGate sidebar Asplan Viak/CIRAIG references are later/profile roles, not automatically the study affiliation. Miljøbil's exact ROR/legal parent is unverified. The manuscript acknowledges Norwegian Research Council support through E-Car and CenSES, with no award number established. Crenna's five authors have Empa source byline; its Horizon 2020 Si-Drive grant 814464 is separate source-study support. Canonical NTNU/Empa/RCN names are verified by exact name/country. Preserve CLIC contributor/funding/project arrays and earlier proposal audit history. Evidence: 8. Source location: entities Evidence: 8. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 9. Target field: publications Evidence: 9. Qualification: No applicable separate Ellingsen or Crenna inventory erratum was identified in scoped searches; full amendment and supplementary-file history remains unverified. Crenna2021 is an adaptation, not a correction of Ellingsen2013/2014. Existing Crossmark shells and empty registry relations do not certify currentness. Publication-date/profile wrapper conflicts do not justify rewriting inventory reference years. An earlier staging note mentioned GaBi ancestry without evidence; Ellingsen source software remains unestablished and is not assigned. Guarded amendments enrich earlier 1213/1256 metadata proposals with explicit new source evidence, retaining exact baseline and operation hashes; no inventory operation is applied. Evidence: 9. Source location: updates Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Bhawna Singh Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Miljøbil Grenland Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Lars Ole Valøen Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Miljøbil Grenland Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Name: Anders Hammer Strømman Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Citation: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072. Historical affiliations additionally sourced from a qualified author-uploaded manuscript copy; later profile employment excluded. Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2014 Publications: 2. Doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Publications: 2. Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Publications: 2. Title: Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Eleonora Crenna Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Marcel Gauch Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Rolf Widmer Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Patrick Wäger Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Roland Hischier Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Citation: Eleonora Crenna; Marcel Gauch; Rolf Widmer; Patrick Wäger; Roland Hischier (2021). Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619. Resources, Conservation & Recycling 170, 105619. Supplementary inventory NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 documents the adapted IBIS and surface-mounting choice; source-study adapter distinct from original authors. Publications: 2. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 2. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 2. Publication year: 2021	Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import Evidence: 3. Target field: publications Evidence: 3. Qualification: Publication year is stated explicitly in parentheses in the supplied citation. It is not a measurement year, vehicle model year or inventory validity declaration. Evidence: 3. Source location: source Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC source citation Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Complete IBIS families comprise 1213/3522/4356 on background 3.8 and 1256/3559/4399 on 3.9. Earlier review covered 1213/1256 only. Ellingsen's original Table S35 is the component source; Crenna2021 SI documents the later modular adaptation. Keep publication first-online date 1 November 2013 and 2014 issue distinct. The original SI is a reused local source copy. A newly recovered public mirror contains an author-uploaded manuscript with a January 2018 profile wrapper; its title, six authors, DOI and corresponding address match publisher metadata, but version/currentness is unverified. Direct publisher full-text access redirected to abstract and fresh SI request returned 403 HTML. Evidence: 4. Source location: provenance Evidence: 4. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 5. Qualification: All six public inventories retain the same nonproduction exchange payload. Each one-kg IBIS has 0.995617 kg printed direct stocks; the residual 0.004383 kg does not prove missing manufacture or authorize renormalization. Steel 0.85 kg and brass 0.0057 kg are distinct from their working/casting services. Sum the two brass and two nylon regional suppliers once within each product; do not treat market shares as extra installed mass. Own source/CLIC functional units are 1 kg, not a complete BMS, one physical controller, pack capacity or full vehicle battery. Evidence: 5. Source location: quantities Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 6. Qualification: Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed. Evidence: 6. Source location: adaptation Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 7. Qualification: IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred. Evidence: 7. Source location: boundaries Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 8. Target field: publications Evidence: 8. Qualification: The qualified manuscript author biographies place Ellingsen, Majeau-Bettez, Singh and Strømman at NTNU and Srivastava/Valøen at Miljøbil Grenland when the article was written. Tel-Tek, Grenland Energy and ResearchGate sidebar Asplan Viak/CIRAIG references are later/profile roles, not automatically the study affiliation. Miljøbil's exact ROR/legal parent is unverified. The manuscript acknowledges Norwegian Research Council support through E-Car and CenSES, with no award number established. Crenna's five authors have Empa source byline; its Horizon 2020 Si-Drive grant 814464 is separate source-study support. Canonical NTNU/Empa/RCN names are verified by exact name/country. Preserve CLIC contributor/funding/project arrays and earlier proposal audit history. Evidence: 8. Source location: entities Evidence: 8. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 9. Target field: publications Evidence: 9. Qualification: No applicable separate Ellingsen or Crenna inventory erratum was identified in scoped searches; full amendment and supplementary-file history remains unverified. Crenna2021 is an adaptation, not a correction of Ellingsen2013/2014. Existing Crossmark shells and empty registry relations do not certify currentness. Publication-date/profile wrapper conflicts do not justify rewriting inventory reference years. An earlier staging note mentioned GaBi ancestry without evidence; Ellingsen source software remains unestablished and is not assigned. Guarded amendments enrich earlier 1213/1256 metadata proposals with explicit new source evidence, retaining exact baseline and operation hashes; no inventory operation is applied. Evidence: 9. Source location: updates Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 10. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 10. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 10. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 10. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 10. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 11. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 11. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 11. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 11. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 11. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 12. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 12. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 12. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 12. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 12. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 13. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 13. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 13. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 13. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 13. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 14. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 14. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 14. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 14. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 14. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 15. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 15. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 15. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 15. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 15. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 16. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 16. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 16. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own 1 kg partial interface manufacture has no configured factory throughput, utilization, observed annual output or calendar service life. Whole-pack specifications and controller functions are not own manufacturing capacity or lifetime. Per-kg interface/pouch references do not identify a factory or complete configured battery. The source 26.6 kW h, 253 kg whole-pack design is not own interface energy, annual production or equipment lifetime. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 16. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 16. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 17. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 17. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 17. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Retain mature-commercial / 9 as explicit curator class assessments for ordinary battery enclosure/interface and laminated-pouch manufacture. They do not certify exact retained source/process transfer or source-assigned numerical TRL. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 17. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 17. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 18. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 18. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 18. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Retain mature-commercial / 9 as explicit curator class assessments for ordinary battery enclosure/interface and laminated-pouch manufacture. They do not certify exact retained source/process transfer or source-assigned numerical TRL. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 18. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 18. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 19. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 19. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 19. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 19. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 19. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 20. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 20. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 20. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 20. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 20. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Evidence: 21. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 21. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 21. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1213. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology 3 for source component and later material/process transfers; retain generic geography 3 and use temporal 4 for early source hardware/background layers rather than dating the inventory by 2014 publication alone. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 21. Source location: Ellingsen 2014 original public manuscript and supplementary component tables; retained IBIS and pouch variants with later documented adaptations Evidence: 21. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Title: Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Bhawna Singh Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Miljøbil Grenland Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Lars Ole Valøen Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Miljøbil Grenland Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Name: Anders Hammer Strømman Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/05xg72x27 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Name: Norwegian University of Science and Technology Publications: 1. Citation: Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen; Guillaume Majeau‐Bettez; Bhawna Singh; Akhilesh Kumar Srivastava; Lars Ole Valøen; Anders Hammer Strømman (2014; first online 1 November 2013). Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium‐Ion Battery Vehicle Pack. Journal of Industrial Ecology 18(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12072 Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2014 Publications: 2. Doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Publications: 2. Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Publications: 2. Title: Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Eleonora Crenna Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Marcel Gauch Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Rolf Widmer Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Patrick Wäger Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Roland Hischier Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02x681a42 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Empa Publications: 2. Citation: Eleonora Crenna; Marcel Gauch; Rolf Widmer; Patrick Wäger; Roland Hischier (2021). Towards more flexibility and transparency in life cycle inventories for Lithium-ion batteries. Resources, Conservation & Recycling 170, 105619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 Publications: 2. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 2. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 2. Publication year: 2021
Version metadata	System boundary	IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred.	Selected IBIS constituent supplies and component-processing services per kg. Original S35 rail and lorry freight of 0.17 and 0.087 tkm are absent from this helper. Ownership of those transports and of additional high/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and retirement remains unresolved with the consuming battery system.
Version metadata	Technological representativeness	2	3
Version metadata	Technology description	All six public inventories retain the same nonproduction exchange payload. Each one-kg IBIS has 0.995617 kg printed direct stocks; the residual 0.004383 kg does not prove missing manufacture or authorize renormalization. Steel 0.85 kg and brass 0.0057 kg are distinct from their working/casting services. Sum the two brass and two nylon regional suppliers once within each product; do not treat market shares as extra installed mass. Own source/CLIC functional units are 1 kg, not a complete BMS, one physical controller, pack capacity or full vehicle battery. Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed.	The interface supports charge/discharge supervision, high-voltage precharge, contactor control and isolation/current monitoring. The recipe uses a surface-mounted circuit board, steel and brass components, polymer parts and separate working/casting services. It supplies a mass reference rather than one complete physical controller or battery-management system.
Version metadata	Temporal representativeness	2	4
Version metadata	Limitations on use	Original S35 has 0.11 kg through-hole mounted board, 0.0088 kg injection moulding and 0.17/0.087 tkm rail/lorry freight. Crenna SI NMC111/NMC811/NCA rows 32–44 explicitly substitutes surface-mounted board and uses 0.0089 kg moulding, matching current polymer stock sum. Its PCB comment explains the technology choice and references a web source accessed 2 April 2020. All 216 version/variant quantity checks agree. This is documented adaptation, not a published erratum or reason to restore the older board. Verify current provider technology/geography and freight ownership before any addition or isolated moulding repair; no candidate is proposed. IBIS is a master interface/controller subcomponent. High/low-voltage systems, cooling, fasteners, use, replacement and end-of-life require separate ownership with consuming systems. Source automotive 26.6 kWh/253 kg pack attributes do not establish IBIS capacity, lifetime or inventory period. Archive consumer matches by name/product/unit remain version/profile-ambiguous across six same-name roots; source profiles 3.8/3.9 are separate dataset identities. No supplier binding, hidden credit or complete BMS mass is inferred. No applicable separate Ellingsen or Crenna inventory erratum was identified in scoped searches; full amendment and supplementary-file history remains unverified. Crenna2021 is an adaptation, not a correction of Ellingsen2013/2014. Existing Crossmark shells and empty registry relations do not certify currentness. Publication-date/profile wrapper conflicts do not justify rewriting inventory reference years. An earlier staging note mentioned GaBi ancestry without evidence; Ellingsen source software remains unestablished and is not assigned. Guarded amendments enrich earlier 1213/1256 metadata proposals with explicit new source evidence, retaining exact baseline and operation hashes; no inventory operation is applied.	The unassigned 0.004383 kg does not establish a material identity or justify scaling known stocks to 1 kg. The source adaptation documents a technology choice, not a published erratum; the original through-hole board and moulding value are not equivalent replacements. Exact provider technology/geography and freight ownership remain unverified. A name/product/unit match does not identify an exact historical supplier root. The source pack’s 26.6 kWh capacity and 253 kg mass do not establish IBIS capacity, annual manufacturing output, service life or replacement frequency. Ellingsen’s software is not established. The original SI is a reused local copy; the recovered manuscript has a later profile wrapper and unverified version status. Publisher full text and a fresh publisher SI were not recovered. No applicable separate inventory erratum was identified in scoped earlier searches, and complete supplementary-file/amendment history remains unverified. Historical manuscript affiliations and each study’s funding have separate provenance from current profiles and CLIC contributor declarations.
Version metadata	License	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0	CC-BY-NC-4.0	Permission for adaptations of these Crenna/EMPA-derived inventories supports CC BY-NC 4.0. The noncommercial restriction remains; source publications and native supplier data retain their own terms.

Review & discussion Publication provenance, scientific review and community discussion.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

No public review transcript is available for this version.

Discussion 0 public comments · questions, context and problem reports.

No public comments yet. Start the discussion if you have a question about this inventory.

Report this dataset or version

Use this form to report a problem with this dataset or version. To report an individual public comment, use “Report this comment” beside that comment. To propose better numerical inventory data, use “Suggest an inventory improvement” in the inventory section.

integrated interface system production, for Li-ion battery

Overview

Description

Dataset details

Keywords

Source

External references

Scientific metadata

Environmental impacts

Supply-chain graph

Downloads & files

Add to download basket

Version history

Why this version changed

Release notes

Why this version changed

Public revision record

Curator-led bulk import

Description

Dataset details

Keywords

Source

External references

Scientific metadata

Environmental impacts

Dataset contents

Supply-chain graph

Add to download basket

Version history

Why this version changed

Release notes

Why this version changed

Public revision record

Curator-led bulk import

Public discussion