CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Lithium-ion batteries

NMC955 hydroxide

Reference product NMC955 hydroxide GLO

Published Version 1.0.1 Latest published

Stable dataset identity nmc955-hydroxide

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Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Published
2026-07-21
Version
1.0.1
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.

Description

Curator note: This activity represents NMC955 hydroxide in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.

Source

Scientific journal publication

Adapted from: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619 to represent a NMC 90%-5%-5% chemistry.

Dataset details Expand Collapse

Dataset details

Classification
Lithium-ion batteries (materials/batteries/li-ion)
Background database
ecoinvent / 3.8
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.8
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.

Classification path: Materials > Batteries > Lithium-ion batteries

Keywords

  • batteries
  • lithium-ion batteries

External references

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Technology profile

Technology characterization

Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.

Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Changes from version 1.0.0 Automatically detected by comparing the complete inventory snapshots. Exchange row order is ignored; structured proposal edits preserve their published-row correspondence. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges
0
Added exchanges
0
Removed exchanges
0
Inventory metadata
0
Version metadata
1

Metadata changes

Scope Field Previous value Revised value
Version metadata Description This dataset is part of the component-based lithium-ion battery inventories adapted by Crenna et al. (2021) from Dai et al. (2019), where battery packs are modelled from their constituent materials, cells, electronics, and packaging. It represents supply of NMC955 hydroxide as an active electrode or precursor material used in the modeled cell chemistry. Curator note: This activity represents NMC955 hydroxide in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.

Inventory workspace

Inventory & impacts

Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 8.45842 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0060673 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 8.45842 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 7.6584 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00136069 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication -0.00429618 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication -0.0337474 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 4.2494e-09 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 4.0038e-07 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 2.57319 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 79.3039 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 2.8829e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 3.9764e-07 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation -0.00893555 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 124.691 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 0.00026821 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 2.61476 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 13:46 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow

1 row

Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
NMC955 hydroxide
GLO
NMC955 hydroxide
1
kilogram - Reference flow

Emissions

1 row

Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Ammonia
air
5.88e-03
kilogram -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Inputs

Technosphere inputs

12 rows

Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
market for transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
RoW
transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
2.66e-03
ton kilometer -
9.8073e-05 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.02
ton kilometer -
0.024017 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight train
CN
transport, freight train
0.03
ton kilometer -
0.00133604 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, sea, container ship
GLO
transport, freight, sea, container ship
0.06
ton kilometer -
0.00101874 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
39.56
megajoule -
3.55249 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 42.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state
GLO
sodium hydroxide, without water, in 50% solution state
0.86
kilogram -
0.535359 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 6.3% of total
BAFU:2025
cobalt sulfate production, from copper mining, economic allocation
CN
cobalt sulfate
0.08
kilogram -
0.894657 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 10.6% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
market for nickel sulfate
GLO
nickel sulfate
1.46
kilogram -
3.18961 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 37.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for manganese sulfate
GLO
manganese sulfate
0.08
kilogram -
0.177201 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ammonia, anhydrous, liquid
CN
ammonia, anhydrous, liquid
5.88e-03
kilogram -
0.0132919 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
7.19e-10
unit -
0.0695123 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.8% of total
BAFU:2025
market for wastewater, average
RoW
wastewater, average
-6.20e-04
cubic meter -
-0.00017106 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025

Natural resources

1 row

Elementary flows withdrawn from the environment by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin
natural resource / in water
6.20e-04
cubic meter -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Parameters

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Evidence and scrutiny

Quality & review

Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.

Quality and maturity details Expand Collapse

Quality and maturity

TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.

Community

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Files & versions

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Raw uploaded files

Contributor files preserved with this public version.

Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Version Published Link
Version 1.0.1 2026-07-21 Current view
Version 1.0.0 2026-07-15 Open version
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