CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Perovskite photovoltaics

perovskite cell contact formation

Reference product metallized perovskite cell DE

Published Version 1.0.0 Latest published

Stable dataset identity perovskite-cell-contact-formation

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Unit
unit
Reuse license
CC BY-NC 3.0
Published
2026-07-15
Version
1.0.0
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Process description and catalog context. View scientific metadata

Description

Contact formation on one metallized perovskite-on-silicon cell intermediate.

Dataset details

Classification, keywords, bookmarks and download counts.

Classification
Perovskite photovoltaics (materials/photovoltaics/perovskite)
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

Classification path: Materials > Photovoltaic materials and components > Perovskite photovoltaics

Keywords

  • photovoltaic materials and components
  • perovskite photovoltaics
  • perovskite
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Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Source

Source documentation, background profiles and references.

Scientific journal publication

Martin Roffeis; Simon Kirner; Jan Christoph Goldschmidt; Bernd Stannowski; Laura Miranda Perez; Christopher Case; Matthias Finkbeiner (2022). New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 6(12), 2924–2940. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b

Background database
ecoinvent / 3.10
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.10

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Scientific metadata

Reference years, modelling and allocation methods, contributors, publications, projects and funding.

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year
2022
Inventory reference year
Not specified
Foreground modelling approach
Attributional
Allocated product inventory
Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment
Not specified
Inventory contributions
Not specified
Data period start year
2018
Data period end year
2021
Methodology notes
The retained window-frame input is 1.977114374219321e-06 m² per declared cell unit. A later compiler instead uses a kg-based aluminium metallization/profile helper with a different supplier boundary. The 39.7/38 kg window-proxy bridge is retained-model arithmetic rather than recovered original profile mass. Source composition/contact details were partly altered for intellectual-property protection, and exact original supplementary inventories remain unavailable.
System boundary
Upstream cell intermediate and represented contact-forming material/utility processing through one metallized-cell unit. Terminal module use and treatment are separate.
Included life cycle stages
Manufacturing
Technology description
The reference purchases the third-sputtered cell, represented silver/tin/chemical and adhesive supply, steel, electricity/heat, compressed air and transport, with recorded waste/exhaust requests. Aluminium-related provision uses a square-metre thermal-window-frame proxy.
Intended application
Qualified reuse of the contact-forming stage with the retained cell, provider and material/waste references.
Use limitations
Square-metre window-frame provision does not establish actual aluminium contact mass, metallization grade or equivalent coating/manufacturing. Provider/dimension, original source scope, process losses and coating ownership remain unresolved; source comments alone do not verify a complete contact recipe.
Data origins
Measurement, Literature
Other fields not yet completed (3)

Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type

Publications (2)
Citation
Martin Roffeis; Simon Kirner; Jan Christoph Goldschmidt; Bernd Stannowski; Laura Miranda Perez; Christopher Case; Matthias Finkbeiner (2022). New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 6(12), 2924–2940. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Title
New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules
Doi
10.1039/d2se00096b
Url
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source type
Scientific journal
Publication year
2022
Relation
Primary source
Authors
Martin Roffeis · 0000-0002-6421-517X; Simon Kirner; Jan Christoph Goldschmidt; Bernd Stannowski; Laura Miranda Perez; Christopher Case; Matthias Finkbeiner
Citation
Martin Roffeis; Simon Kirner; Jan Christoph Goldschmidt; Bernd Stannowski; Laura Miranda Perez; Christopher Case; Matthias Finkbeiner (2022). Correction: New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules. Sustainable Energy & Fuels. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se90051c
Title
Correction: New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules
Doi
10.1039/d2se90051c
Url
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se90051c
Source type
Scientific journal
Publication year
2022
Relation
Supporting source
Authors
Martin Roffeis; Simon Kirner; Jan Christoph Goldschmidt; Bernd Stannowski; Laura Miranda Perez; Christopher Case; Matthias Finkbeiner
Projects (1)
Name
Demonstration der Produktionstauglichkeit von Perowskit-Silizium Tandemsolarzellen
Acronym
ProTandem
Url
https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1869539990.pdf
Grant identifier
0324288
Relation
Source study
Funding (1)
Organization
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie · https://ror.org/02vgg2808
Award identifier
0324288
Project
Demonstration der Produktionstauglichkeit von Perowskit-Silizium Tandemsolarzellen
Evidence and qualifications (34)
Target field
publications
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
original_doi
Qualification
Publication authors only; legacy inventory authors remain unchanged.
Target field
publications
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
original_citation
Qualification
Publication authors only; legacy inventory authors remain unchanged.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1039%2FD2SE00096B
Source location
registry-records.json: requested_doi=10.1039/d2se00096b, metadata.published.date-parts
Qualification
Publication authors only; legacy inventory authors remain unchanged.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se90051c
Source location
Formal correction: corrected byline and affiliations
Qualification
Publication authors only; legacy inventory authors remain unchanged.
Target field
modelling_approach
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Section 2.1
Qualification
Matching manufacturing model only; ambiguous C02 and use-phase extension excluded.
Target field
modelling_approach
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
original_doi
Qualification
Matching manufacturing model only; ambiguous C02 and use-phase extension excluded.
Target field
projects
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Section 2.2 and Acknowledgements
Qualification
Internal ministry wording conflict resolved using the registry and independent project report.
Target field
projects
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1869539990.pdf
Source location
Project cover/funding acknowledgement, PDF pp. 1–2
Qualification
Corroborates ProTandem economics-ministry funding. Subgrant suffix B belongs to Fraunhofer and is not assigned to the whole inventory family.
Target field
funding
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Section 2.2 and Acknowledgements
Qualification
Historical study-funding name, not funding of CLIC curation or a current institutional profile.
Target field
funding
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb23/1869539990.pdf
Source location
Project cover/funding acknowledgement, PDF pp. 1–2
Qualification
Historical study-funding name, not funding of CLIC curation or a current institutional profile.
Target field
funding
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1039%2FD2SE00096B
Source location
registry-records.json: requested_doi=10.1039/D2SE00096B, metadata.funder[0].award[0]
Qualification
Historical study-funding name, not funding of CLIC curation or a current institutional profile.
Target field
data_period_start_year
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Table 1 note a and Section 2.2.1
Qualification
Source foreground data-collection interval; not the age of every upstream input or a representative year.
Target field
data_period_end_year
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Table 1 note a and Section 2.2.1
Qualification
Source foreground data-collection interval; not the age of every upstream input or a representative year.
Target field
data_origins
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
Section 2.2.1: site/questionnaire data and literature
Qualification
Combined foreground data sources; not every material input is measured.
Target field
included_life_cycle_stages
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
name
Qualification
Directly represented operation only. Tags are supported inclusions, not a claim that other stages are absent.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.ror.org/v2/organizations/03v4gjf40
Source location
Organization identity and registered names
Qualification
Canonical institutional identity only. Preserve historical declared spelling, departments, attribution and funding relationships; identity verification alone does not verify an award or its scope.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.ror.org/v2/organizations/02aj13c28
Source location
Organization identity and registered names
Qualification
Canonical institutional identity only. Preserve historical declared spelling, departments, attribution and funding relationships; identity verification alone does not verify an award or its scope.
Target field
funding
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.ror.org/v2/organizations/02vgg2808
Source location
Organization identity and registered names
Qualification
Canonical institutional identity only. Preserve historical declared spelling, departments, attribution and funding relationships; identity verification alone does not verify an award or its scope.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE00096B
Source location
Published paper first-page byline and affiliation markers a-e
Qualification
This earlier observation checked the original uncorrected paper byline and affiliation markers a-e. Its attribution of Goldschmidt to Marburg as a study affiliation is superseded by formal correction 10.1039/d2se90051c: Jan Christoph Goldschmidt has study affiliation Fraunhofer ISE, while Philipps-Universität Marburg is a present address. Preserve the other verified source affiliations and inventory-contributor attribution. Oxford PV UK and Oxford PV Germany remain distinct.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se90051c
Source location
Formal publisher correction text, corrected Crossref byline/update-to, original Crossmark update link; exact institute ROR
Qualification
Formal correction10.1039/d2se90051c (8August2022) changes Jan Christoph Goldschmidt's name and study affiliation to Fraunhofer ISE; Philipps-Universität Marburg is a present address. The archived CLIC byline already reflects the correction. This plan supersedes its earlier R017 proposal based on the erroneous original manuscript, preserving the correction. No numerical inventory amendment is stated in that notice.
Target field
methodology_notes
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
Pinned current perovskite compiler and exact archived version
Source location
supplier-boundary-review-holds.json; source rows and exact archived thermal-window exchange
Qualification
Different flow identity and dimension remain unresolved even when other quantities agree. No inventory replacement is composed or applied.
Target field
methodology_notes
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Original source model, pinned current/historical compiler comparison and scoped limitations
Qualification
Formal correction10.1039/d2se90051c (8August2022) changes Jan Christoph Goldschmidt's name and study affiliation to Fraunhofer ISE; Philipps-Universität Marburg is a present address. The archived CLIC byline already reflects the correction. This plan supersedes its earlier R017 proposal based on the erroneous original manuscript, preserving the correction. No numerical inventory amendment is stated in that notice. The original study models cradle-to-gate manufacture and calculates lifetime output using assumed German irradiation and performance. Table1 primary-data surveys run July2018–February2021; this is not a universal measured inventory period. Some layer composition/contact formation details were intentionally altered for IP protection. Exact original supplementary inventories remain unrecovered in the recorded attempts. CLIC supplier proxies and later utilities/adaptations are not literal recovered GaBi process inventories. The archived node still purchases a square-metre thermal-window proxy; the current compiler uses a kg-based aluminium metallization/profile helper with a different supplier boundary. Compiler comments label the adaptation approved, but comment text alone is not evidence of current authorization or application. The39.7/38kg window-proxy bridge is retained-model arithmetic, not recovered original profile mass. Resolve provider/dimension, original source scope and prior decision provenance before any material revision; do not add losses or coating burdens twice.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/design_capacity; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/design_capacity_unit; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/capacity_factor_percent; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/annual_production_volume; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/annual_production_volume_unit; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/annual_production_volume_year; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/se/d2se00096b
Source location
fields/plant_lifetime_years; perovskiteTable1 or GaAsinstallation/model reference and native source notes
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Retain known module rating; do not transfer generic source-factory/solar-horizon/filter/pressure labels into own unestablished technical fields. Evidence classification: source model boundary and annual equivalent factor review. Confidence: high for model definition not observed performance. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Primary source methods, perovskiteTable1 survey footnote/model period; GaAs ex-ante methods/industrialization benchmarks; tandem-PV-source-reading.json
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Commercial maturity stage: first_commercial. Basis: Retain first-commercial/TRL7as qualified curator assessment of perovskite-on-silicon route context. Source industrial-line information and manufacturer2024first-commercial deployment support this stage; no source-assigned numeric TRLorTRL9claim is made. Later commercialization does not refresh the older manufacturing inventory or verify its exact device-life assumption. Evidence classification: source period and route boundary with curator rating review. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Primary source methods, perovskiteTable1 survey footnote/model period; GaAs ex-ante methods/industrialization benchmarks; tandem-PV-source-reading.json
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Technology readiness level: 7. Basis: Retain first-commercial/TRL7as qualified curator assessment of perovskite-on-silicon route context. Source industrial-line information and manufacturer2024first-commercial deployment support this stage; no source-assigned numeric TRLorTRL9claim is made. Later commercialization does not refresh the older manufacturing inventory or verify its exact device-life assumption. Evidence classification: source period and route boundary with curator rating review. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Primary source methods, perovskiteTable1 survey footnote/model period; GaAs ex-ante methods/industrialization benchmarks; tandem-PV-source-reading.json
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of an industry-informed composite model: primary volume-line data with confidentiality, design assumptions and secondary wafer/background processes. Generic facility-service transfers warrant4; other current process data remain a qualified3or more conservative score. Evidence classification: source period and route boundary with curator rating review. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Primary source methods, perovskiteTable1 survey footnote/model period; GaAs ex-ante methods/industrialization benchmarks; tandem-PV-source-reading.json
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Geographical representativeness: 2. Basis: Curator assessment: industrial-line/model context in Germany has explicit secondary supply assumptions; treat tandem-processing locality as qualified2and ordinary imported-wafer/facility proxies as3. It is not a perfect regional production-weighted sample. Evidence classification: source period and route boundary with curator rating review. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00096b
Source location
Primary source methods, perovskiteTable1 survey footnote/model period; GaAs ex-ante methods/industrialization benchmarks; tandem-PV-source-reading.json
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-347. Temporal representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of mixed2018-2021primary survey/model inputs and older secondary data. The 2022publication and 2024first shipment do not date every inventory input. Score3records the dated historical composite window. Evidence classification: source period and route boundary with curator rating review. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.
Commercial maturity stage
First commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 20 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per unit, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 5.52395 kg CO2-Eq / unit
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0306415 mol H+-Eq / unit
Climate change 5.52395 kg CO2-Eq / unit
Freshwater ecotoxicity 25.0126 CTUe / unit
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00151352 kg P-Eq / unit
Marine eutrophication 0.0109229 kg N-Eq / unit
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.0989847 mol N-Eq / unit
Human toxicity, cancer 3.2951e-09 CTUh / unit
Human toxicity, non-cancer 6.0604e-08 CTUh / unit
Ionising radiation 1.9848 kBq U235-Eq / unit
Land use 41.2212 dimensionless / unit
Ozone depletion 6.8211e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / unit
Particulate matter 1.8191e-07 disease incidence / unit
Photochemical ozone formation 0.0321539 kg NMVOC-Eq / unit
Resource use, fossils 91.0128 MJ, net calorific value / unit
Resource use, minerals and metals 0.000162103 kg Sb-Eq / unit
Water use 7.01452 m3 world Eq deprived / unit
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-28 11:12 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
perovskite cell contact formation
DE
metallized perovskite cell
1
unit - Reference flow

Inputs

Technosphere inputs 19 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
sputter process 3, perovskite cell
DE
perovskite cell, sputtered 3
1
unit -
5.5 kg CO2-Eq / unit 99.6% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
market for chemical, organic
GLO
chemical, organic
2.86e-06
kilogram -
5.6513e-06 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for silver
GLO
silver
1.09e-04
kilogram -
0.00538916 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
Europe without Switzerland
electricity, medium voltage
0.03
kilowatt hour -
0.00270138 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RER
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
8.54e-05
megajoule -
7.6688e-06 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for solder factory
GLO
solder factory
2.29e-14
unit -
3.7786e-09 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for tin
GLO
tin
2.86e-06
kilogram -
3.5030e-05 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for transport, freight train
RER
transport, freight train
5.02e-06
ton kilometer -
3.7335e-06 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
RER
transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
2.51e-06
ton kilometer -
9.2576e-08 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RER
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
1.96e-05
ton kilometer -
2.4477e-05 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
window frame production, aluminium, U=1.6 W/m2K
RER
window frame, aluminium, U=1.6 W/m2K
1.98e-06
square meter -
0.000635691 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for adhesive, for metal
RER
adhesive, for metal
7.02e-04
kilogram -
0.00325148 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
steel production, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled
RER
steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled
2.00e-03
kilogram -
0.00886218 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
air compressor activity, for perovskite
DE
compressed air, 14 bar, low efficiency
0.03
cubic meter
Metadata (1)
Comment
X06
0.00294237 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.1% of total
CLIC v1.0.1
treatment of waste, from silicon wafer production, underground deposit
DE
waste, from silicon wafer production
-1.36e-08
kilogram -
-1.5853e-09 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for hazardous waste, for incineration
Europe without Switzerland
hazardous waste, for incineration
-7.16e-10
kilogram -
-1.6884e-09 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for stockpiling of anode slime from electrorefining of copper, anode
GLO
stockpiling of anode slime from electrorefining of copper, anode
-5.73e-06
kilogram -
-1.8749e-05 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for waste aluminium
RoW
waste aluminium
-3.99e-05
kilogram -
-1.7523e-05 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
process exhaust ventilators, general, for perovskite production
DE
exhaust, general
-0.82
cubic meter
Metadata (1)
Comment
X09
0.000126793 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.0% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

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  1. Version 1.0.0
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Version 1.0.0 2026-07-15 First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison. Current view
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First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.

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