CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Chemicals

polyvinyl alcohol production

Reference product polyvinyl alcohol RER

Published Version 1.0.0 Latest published

Stable dataset identity polyvinyl-alcohol-production

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Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Published
2026-09-15
Version
1.0.0
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.

Description

Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram.

Included are raw materials and chemicals used for production, transport of materials to manufacturing plant, estimated emissions to air and water from production (incomplete), estimation of energy demand and infrastructure of the plant (approximation). Solid wastes omitted.

Material inputs are based on industrial data. Other inventory data are based on rough estimations.

Polymerisation of vinyl esters or ethers, with a following saponification or transesterification process

Time of publications.

Original technosphere quantities and waste-service signs restored. Biosphere uses the CLIC ecoinvent 3.10 profile; regional water metadata is retained but its regional characterization is not reproduced. No claim of exact reproduction of report impact results.

License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) The report's Licence Notice and Use Restrictions also states exclusions for separately credited material and restrictions on AI training and text/data mining. See the cited source notice; this release does not broaden those terms.

CLIC metadata curation (2026-09-17): TRL 9 and mature-commercial status are curator estimates of the established underlying industrial route(s), not publisher-assigned ratings or evidence that a particular modelled plant exists. Representativeness estimates (1 best, 5 weakest): technology 3, geography 2, temporal 5. Workbook chemical/material inventory and its retained source comments: established industrial route, but predominantly 1976-2009 data. Stoichiometry, allocation, estimated emissions or proxy energy limit representativeness; metallization pastes use a solder-process proxy. A 2026 publication does not update these measurements. No defensible dataset-specific plant capacity, utilization, annual output or lifetime is stated for this reference flow. Industry totals and sample coverage are not plant measurements. Unreported characterization fields remain blank. Source: IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, DOI 10.69766/WJTE1771; X-PVA, column L. Metadata: X-Process!IX; workbook period 2007-2009.

Source

Technical or institutional report

Götz et al. (2026), Life Cycle Inventories of Photovoltaic Systems, IEA PVPS Task 12, Report T12-33:2026. https://doi.org/10.69766/WJTE1771; inventory locator: X-PVA, column L.

Release notes

pv-2026-uvek-heroku-drafts-20260915. pv-2026-uvek-publication-20260915. Curator-led source-backed PV 2026 release, not a community peer-review checklist. 317 UVEK 2025 inventories and 7,296 exchanges validated; nine documented water-balance/fuel-CO2 warnings retained. Approved proxies and biosphere conversion limitations remain documented. Unknown quality scores are not invented. Data-adaptation changes: native UVEK suppliers restored; approved geographic and transport proxies retained; CLIC ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere conventions applied. No claim of exact reproduction of the report's impact assessment results.

Dataset details Expand Collapse

Dataset details

Classification
Chemicals (chemicals)
Background database
UVEK / 2025
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.10
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.

Classification path: Chemicals

Keywords

  • photovoltaics
  • IEA PVPS Task 12
  • 2026
  • UVEK 2025

External references

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Technology profile

Technology characterization

Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.

Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided

Inventory workspace

Inventory & impacts

Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 5.77756 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0136889 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 5.77756 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 29.8793 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00169319 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.00303996 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.0297325 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 2.6294e-09 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 5.1786e-08 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 1.91538 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 16.9185 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 1.5472e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 1.1188e-07 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.0189514 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 148.753 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 2.3664e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 1.85026 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 14:24 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow

1 row

Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
polyvinyl alcohol production
RER
polyvinyl alcohol
1
kilogram
Metadata (3)
Loc
1
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L7. Native preparation: foreground_identity_preserved; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Uncertainty type
0
 Reference flow

Emissions

8 rows

Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Heat, waste
air / urban air close to ground
1.19
megajoule
Metadata (5)
Loc
0.1722712209404531
Scale
0.1312085937193344
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L19. (4,5,na,na,na,na); due to electricity consumption Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "Heat, waste", "location": "-", "unit": "MJ", "category": "air", "subcategory": "high population density", "amount": 1.188, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.30006880168311}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Carbon dioxide, fossil
air / urban air close to ground
1.53e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-6.480297455643694
Scale
0.1312085937193344
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L20. (4,5,na,na,na,na); from waste water treatment Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "air", "subcategory": "high population density", "amount": 0.00153335450653049, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.30006880168311}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.00153335 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon
water / surface water
4.72e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-5.355086592869628
Scale
0.2402520832566849
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L21. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 0.00472406040984666, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.61688937821414}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand
water / surface water
6.25e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-5.074639676718366
Scale
0.2402520832566849
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L22. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 0.00625333925745525, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.61688937821414}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
BOD5, Biological Oxygen Demand
water / surface water
6.25e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-5.074639676718366
Scale
0.2402520832566849
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L23. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "BOD5, Biological Oxygen Demand", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 0.00625333925745525, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.61688937821414}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
TOC, Total Organic Carbon
water / surface water
4.72e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-5.355086592869628
Scale
0.2402520832566849
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L24. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "TOC, Total Organic Carbon", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 0.00472406040984666, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.61688937821414}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrocarbons, unspecified
water / surface water
1.98e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-6.223154515224033
Scale
0.2402520832566849
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L25. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "Hydrocarbons, unspecified", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 0.00198298, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.61688937821414}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Methanol
water / surface water
5.00e-06
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-12.20607264553017
Scale
0.5642320579682004
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L26. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimated from mass balance and WWTP efficiency of 90% Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "Methanol", "location": "-", "unit": "kg", "category": "water", "subcategory": "river", "amount": 5e-06, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 3.09090558000497}
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Inputs

Technosphere inputs

10 rows

Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Vinyl acetate, at plant
RER
Vinyl acetate, at plant
1.97
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
0.6795450901416596
Scale
0.2258661523391198
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L8. (2,2,2,3,4,5); industry data, estimation for PVAc Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
4.03546 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 69.8% of total
BAFU:2025
polyvinyl chloride production, emulsion polymerisation, photovoltaic supply chain
RER
polyvinyl chloride
1.94
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
0.6626879730752367
Scale
0.2258661523391198
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L9. (2,2,2,3,4,5); production of PVAc out of vinyl acetate Native preparation: foreground_identity_preserved; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
1.33948 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 23.2% of total
CLIC v1.0.0
Methanol, at regional storage
CH
Methanol, at regional storage
5.00e-03
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-5.298317366548036
Scale
0.1061812184588392
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L10. (1,4,1,3,1,5); industry data Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.00509675 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant
RER
Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant
0.01
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-4.605170185988091
Scale
0.1061812184588392
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L11. (1,4,1,3,1,5); industry data Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0061991 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
Methyl acetate, at plant
RER
Methyl acetate, at plant
0.01
kilogram
Metadata (5)
Loc
-4.605170185988091
Scale
0.1061812184588392
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L12. (1,4,1,3,1,5); industry data Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0139205 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
Natural gas, burned in industrial furnace 1MW
CH
Natural gas, burned in industrial furnace 1MW
2
megajoule
Metadata (5)
Loc
0.6931471805599453
Scale
0.1312085937193344
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L13. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimation with data from large chemical plant Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.152504 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.6% of total
BAFU:2025
Electricity, medium voltage, production ENTSO-E, at grid
ENTSO-E
Electricity, medium voltage, production ENTSO-E, at grid
0.33
kilowatt hour
Metadata (5)
Loc
-1.108662624521611
Scale
0.1312085937193344
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L14. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimation with data from large chemical plant Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0904554 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.6% of total
BAFU:2025
Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average
RER
Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average
0.39
ton kilometer
Metadata (5)
Loc
-0.9344597941644833
Scale
0.3697753757559256
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L15. (4,5,na,na,na,na); standard distances Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0742134 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.3% of total
BAFU:2025
Transport, freight, rail
RER
Transport, freight, rail
1.2
ton kilometer
Metadata (5)
Loc
0.1813110464002606
Scale
0.3697753757559256
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L16. (4,5,na,na,na,na); standard distances Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0200558 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.3% of total
BAFU:2025
Chemical plant, organics
RER
Chemical plant, organics
4.00e-10
unit
Metadata (5)
Loc
-21.63955656882057
Scale
0.5642320579682004
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L17. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimation with data from large chemical plant Native preparation: exact_source_identity; source-to-draft amount factor 1.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0.0386501 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.7% of total
BAFU:2025

Natural resources

1 row

Elementary flows withdrawn from the environment by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin
natural resource / in water
0.02
cubic meter
Metadata (5)
Loc
-3.729701448634192
Scale
0.1312085937193344
Comment
IEA PVPS T12-33:2026, X-PVA!L18. (4,5,na,na,na,na); estimation with data from large chemical plant Native preparation: reviewed_biosphere_correspondence; source-to-draft amount factor 1. Source biosphere identity and quantity: {"name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin", "location": "-", "unit": "m3", "category": "resource", "subcategory": "in water", "amount": 0.024, "formula": null, "uncertainty_type": 1, "standard_deviation_95": 1.30006880168311} Regional water identity retained here for audit; this biosphere profile does not retain regional water characterization.
Negative
No
Uncertainty type
2
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Parameters

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Evidence and scrutiny

Quality & review

Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.

Quality and maturity details Expand Collapse

Quality and maturity

TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.

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Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Version Published Link
Version 1.0.0 2026-09-15 Current view
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