Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
Source: Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Source
Scientific journal publication
Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Based on Li et al. (2014)
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Demonstration
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.0212337
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change4.96578
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity12.7067
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000579784
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00320122
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0174337
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils168.893
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.6626e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use51.7194
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.0212337
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change4.96578
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity12.7067
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000579784
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00320122
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.0342701
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer1.9208e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer2.5702e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation1.00213
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use7.72035
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion1.9809e-07
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter2.1534e-07
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0174337
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils168.893
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.6626e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use51.7194
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:43 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
separator production, for LiS battery
GLO
separator
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
12 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market for acetone, liquid
RoW
acetone, liquid
0.14
kilogram
-
0.00173862mol H+-Eq / kilogram
8.2% of total
0.323326kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
6.5% of total
0.237504CTUe / kilogram
1.9% of total
2.1619e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
3.7% of total
0.000251203kg N-Eq / kilogram
7.8% of total
0.00274576mol N-Eq / kilogram
8.0% of total
3.2449e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
5.1087e-10CTUh / kilogram
2.0% of total
0.000152355kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00345788dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5341e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5577e-08disease incidence / kilogram
7.2% of total
0.00125373kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
7.2% of total
8.88008MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
5.3% of total
2.4197e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.5% of total
0.000200818m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for fleece, polyethylene
GLO
fleece, polyethylene
0.12
kilogram
-
0.000832423mol H+-Eq / kilogram
3.9% of total
0.383626kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
7.7% of total
1.97872CTUe / kilogram
15.6% of total
3.4111e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
5.9% of total
0.000191424kg N-Eq / kilogram
6.0% of total
0.00204982mol N-Eq / kilogram
6.0% of total
2.0457e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.1% of total
1.6843e-09CTUh / kilogram
6.6% of total
0.0261711kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.6% of total
0.424289dimensionless / kilogram
5.5% of total
1.0302e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
5.2% of total
1.0168e-08disease incidence / kilogram
4.7% of total
0.000879828kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
5.0% of total
10.1869MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
6.0% of total
9.0401e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
5.4% of total
1.80772m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
3.5% of total
BAFU:2025
market for hexafluoroethane
GLO
hexafluoroethane
0.03
kilogram
-
0.000159731mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.0512912kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.22972CTUe / kilogram
1.8% of total
5.6923e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
2.8870e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.9% of total
0.000357218mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
1.9161e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.2715e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.3% of total
0.00470774kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.0517023dimensionless / kilogram
0.7% of total
3.3472e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
1.9176e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.9% of total
0.000155134kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.9% of total
1.51318MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.9% of total
1.3862e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.00636523m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for phthalic anhydride
GLO
phthalic anhydride
0.29
kilogram
-
0.00304249mol H+-Eq / kilogram
14.3% of total
0.581242kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
11.7% of total
4.09219CTUe / kilogram
32.2% of total
0.000116753kg P-Eq / kilogram
20.1% of total
0.000493639kg N-Eq / kilogram
15.4% of total
0.00440622mol N-Eq / kilogram
12.9% of total
2.0199e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.1% of total
4.0995e-09CTUh / kilogram
16.0% of total
0.0730079kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
7.3% of total
0.823402dimensionless / kilogram
10.7% of total
5.2440e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
2.6% of total
4.6194e-08disease incidence / kilogram
21.5% of total
0.00322647kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
18.5% of total
18.0758MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
10.7% of total
2.0320e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
12.2% of total
0.0928692m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polypropylene, granulate
GLO
polypropylene, granulate
1
kilogram
-
0.00544905mol H+-Eq / kilogram
25.7% of total
2.10411kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
42.4% of total
13.6631CTUe / kilogram
107.5% of total
0.000121831kg P-Eq / kilogram
21.0% of total
0.00117279kg N-Eq / kilogram
36.6% of total
0.0128164mol N-Eq / kilogram
37.4% of total
3.2770e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.7% of total
8.8266e-09CTUh / kilogram
34.3% of total
0.0725146kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
7.2% of total
0.899284dimensionless / kilogram
11.6% of total
4.2879e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
21.6% of total
6.9292e-08disease incidence / kilogram
32.2% of total
0.00563065kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
32.3% of total
68.8139MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
40.7% of total
3.4458e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
20.7% of total
0.0876938m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyvinylfluoride
GLO
polyvinylfluoride
0.19
kilogram
-
0.00856392mol H+-Eq / kilogram
40.3% of total
3.21956kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
64.8% of total
6.09009CTUe / kilogram
47.9% of total
0.000518941kg P-Eq / kilogram
89.5% of total
0.00101582kg N-Eq / kilogram
31.7% of total
0.00996974mol N-Eq / kilogram
29.1% of total
7.3213e-10CTUh / kilogram
3.8% of total
1.0658e-08CTUh / kilogram
41.5% of total
0.75828kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
75.7% of total
5.11841dimensionless / kilogram
66.3% of total
5.1064e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
25.8% of total
5.8568e-08disease incidence / kilogram
27.2% of total
0.00463088kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
26.6% of total
35.9886MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
21.3% of total
6.4954e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
39.1% of total
43.3763m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
83.9% of total
BAFU:2025
market for silica sand
GLO
silica sand
0.22
kilogram
-
0.000209274mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.0833389kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.234082CTUe / kilogram
1.8% of total
2.4115e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
4.2% of total
5.3211e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.000540705mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.6% of total
7.7938e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.4% of total
1.1393e-09CTUh / kilogram
4.4% of total
0.0241783kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.24767dimensionless / kilogram
3.2% of total
1.4393e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
4.2975e-09disease incidence / kilogram
2.0% of total
0.000247969kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.996384MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.6% of total
6.4396e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.0175447m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyethylene, low density, granulate
GLO
polyethylene, low density, granulate
0.39
kilogram
-
0.00213924mol H+-Eq / kilogram
10.1% of total
0.916071kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
18.4% of total
6.82895CTUe / kilogram
53.7% of total
5.4006e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
9.3% of total
0.000493662kg N-Eq / kilogram
15.4% of total
0.00538499mol N-Eq / kilogram
15.7% of total
1.7778e-08CTUh / kilogram
92.6% of total
3.7770e-09CTUh / kilogram
14.7% of total
0.0487909kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
4.9% of total
0.491041dimensionless / kilogram
6.4% of total
8.9248e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
45.1% of total
2.6079e-08disease incidence / kilogram
12.1% of total
0.00261982kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
15.0% of total
27.5157MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
16.3% of total
1.3424e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
8.1% of total
6.29649m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
12.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
4.00e-10
unit
-
0.000272447mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.3% of total
0.0386501kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.16672CTUe / kilogram
1.3% of total
6.8268e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
11.8% of total
3.8172e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.000429253mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.3% of total
1.5027e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.8% of total
2.4500e-09CTUh / kilogram
9.5% of total
0.0169641kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.415917dimensionless / kilogram
5.4% of total
1.0710e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
2.1773e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.000136281kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.536268MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.3% of total
3.3969e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
20.4% of total
0.0800932m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
Europe without Switzerland
electricity, medium voltage
0.06
kilowatt hour
-
1.0256e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00519573kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0157672CTUe / kilogram
0.1% of total
4.0880e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
4.1762e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.0331e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.7516e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.0230e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.0394184kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
3.9% of total
0.0641733dimensionless / kilogram
0.8% of total
6.1003e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
2.4067e-10disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
9.7878e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.390249MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.2% of total
1.5606e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0334922m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
heat production, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100kW
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
0.19
megajoule
-
8.9804e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0152499kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.0496464CTUe / kilogram
0.4% of total
4.6319e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.6876e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.6014e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.7353e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.0552e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000558451kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0122184dimensionless / kilogram
0.2% of total
4.5810e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
5.1908e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.0905e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.245559MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.1% of total
4.5597e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0030249m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for spent solvent mixture
RoW
spent solvent mixture
-1.4
kilogram
-
-0.00119279mol H+-Eq / kilogram
-5.6% of total
-2.75588kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
-55.5% of total
-20.8798CTUe / kilogram
-164.3% of total
-0.000390105kg P-Eq / kilogram
-67.3% of total
-0.000545425kg N-Eq / kilogram
-17.0% of total
-0.00449641mol N-Eq / kilogram
-13.1% of total
-3.2160e-10CTUh / kilogram
-1.7% of total
-7.8414e-09CTUh / kilogram
-30.5% of total
-0.0626165kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
-6.2% of total
-0.831212dimensionless / kilogram
-10.8% of total
-7.5865e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
-3.8% of total
-1.9222e-08disease incidence / kilogram
-8.9% of total
-0.00137774kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
-7.9% of total
-4.24952MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
-2.5% of total
-1.4553e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
-8.8% of total
-0.0824m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
-0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
1 CLIC node
and 12 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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