Vanadium

vanadium slag production

Reference product vanadium slag ZA

Published Version 1.0.0 Latest published

Stable dataset identity vanadium-slag-production

Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY 4.0
Published
2026-07-15
Version
1.0.0
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.

Description

Source: Weber et al. (2018). Life cycle assessment of a vanadium redox flow battery. Environmental science & technology, 52(18), 10864-10873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073This activity represents the production of secondary low-alloyed steel in an electric arc furnace (EAF). The process comprises the following operations: 1) mixing and pretreatment (if required) of ferrous materials (including alloying additions), principally ferrous scrap; 2) furnace charging and scrap melting; 3) steel and scrap tapping; 4) secondary metallurgical treatment in a ladle furnace; and 5) casting (continuous and/or ingot).
[This dataset is meant to replace the following datasets:
- steel production, electric, low-alloyed, GLO, 2013 - 2023 (cdf2646d-f416-4155-894a-151671ae69f6)]
The data are a weighted average of the regional datasets covering the following geographies: Europe without Switzerland and Austria, IN, CH, AT, CA-QC.
Geography: This dataset is a weighted average built from the following geographies: Europe without Switzerland and Austria, IN, CH, AT, CA-QC.
Technology: Average technology mix of the technologies used in the regional datasets.
Time period: The time period covers the time period of the regional datasets.

Source

Scientific journal publication

Inventory provided by Zhang et al. (2024). Weber et al. (2018). Life cycle assessment of a vanadium redox flow battery. Environmental science & technology, 52(18), 10864-10873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073

Dataset details Expand Collapse

Dataset details

Classification
Vanadium (materials/metals/vanadium)
Background database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

These are the source profiles for this version. Foreground modelling assumptions and allocation belong in the dataset description.

Classification path: Materials > Metals and mineral feedstocks > Vanadium

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Technology profile

Technology characterization

Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.

Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided

Inventory workspace

Inventory & impacts

Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 12.1146 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.0299104 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 12.1146 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 40.8074 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00587836 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.00904674 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.100339 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 4.8423e-08 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 4.7873e-06 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 0.984351 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 24.5197 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 2.0695e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 1.2262e-06 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.0316513 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 168.065 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 1.5901e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 70.9116 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 13:47 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow

1 row

Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
vanadium slag production
ZA
vanadium slag
0.12
kilogram Reference flow

Emissions

27 rows

Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Argon-40
air
3.29e-03
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Benzene
air
2.29e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Benzene, hexachloro-
air
2.00e-08
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Cadmium II
air
3.65e-08
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Carbon monoxide, fossil
air
2.32e-03
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Chloride
water
1.82e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Chromium III
air
1.25e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Chromium VI
water
1.92e-09
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Copper ion
air
2.31e-07
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Dioxins, measured as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
air
4.54e-12
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrocarbons, aromatic
air
7.70e-05
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrochloric acid
air
5.20e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrogen fluoride
air
2.35e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Lead II
air
1.81e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Mercury II
air
2.24e-06
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Nickel II
air
7.01e-07
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Nitrogen oxides
air
1.80e-04
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
air
3.73e-08
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Particulate Matter, < 2.5 um
air
1.70e-04
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Particulate Matter, > 10 um
air
5.86e-05
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Particulate Matter, > 2.5 um and < 10um
air
1.70e-04
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Particulate Matter, > 2.5 um and < 10um
air
1.70e-04
kilogram -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Polychlorinated biphenyls
air
2.33e-08
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Sulfur dioxide
air
7.70e-05
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Water
water
2.30e-03
cubic meter
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Water
air
8.87e-03
cubic meter
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Zinc II
air
2.29e-05
kilogram
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Inputs

Technosphere inputs

28 rows

Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
vanadium pentoxide bearing cast iron
1.32
kilogram -
5.26795 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 43.5% of total
market for aluminium, wrought alloy
GLO
aluminium, wrought alloy
1.48e-05
kilogram
0.000600467 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for anode, for metal electrolysis
GLO
anode, for metal electrolysis
3.00e-03
kilogram
0.0273883 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for argon, liquid
RoW
argon, liquid
3.29e-03
kilogram
0.00443298 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for cast iron
GLO
cast iron
5.15e-05
kilogram
0.000786307 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for diesel, burned in building machine
GLO
diesel, burned in building machine
3.46e-03
megajoule
0.00295771 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electric arc furnace converter
GLO
electric arc furnace converter
4.02e-11
unit
0.0313977 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electric arc furnace secondary metallurgy slag
RoW
electric arc furnace secondary metallurgy slag
-0.05
kilogram
-0.00116203 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electric arc furnace slag
RoW
electric arc furnace slag
0.09
kilogram
0.00216539 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electricity, low voltage
ZA
electricity, low voltage
0.03
kilowatt hour -
0.311733 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.6% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electricity, medium voltage
ZA
electricity, medium voltage
0.54
kilowatt hour -
4.53569 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 37.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ethylene glycol
GLO
ethylene glycol
3.32e-08
kilogram
4.9694e-07 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ferrochromium, high-carbon, 68% Cr
GLO
ferrochromium, high-carbon, 68% Cr
1.10e-04
kilogram
0.00141882 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ferromanganese, high-coal, 74.5% Mn
GLO
ferromanganese, high-coal, 74.5% Mn
4.45e-05
kilogram
0.000246901 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ferrosilicon
GLO
ferrosilicon
3.70e-03
kilogram
0.111398 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.9% of total
BAFU:2025
market for hard coal
RoW
hard coal
0.01
kilogram -
0.010735 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
1.23
megajoule -
0.901011 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 7.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for inert waste, for final disposal
RoW
inert waste, for final disposal
-5.00e-03
kilogram
-0.000256233 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for iron scrap, unsorted
GLO
iron scrap, unsorted
-5.15e-05
kilogram
-1.6073e-05 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for molybdenum trioxide
GLO
molybdenum trioxide
1.41e-05
kilogram
0.000237414 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for natural gas, high pressure
RoW
natural gas, high pressure
0.03
cubic meter -
0.039664 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for nickel, class 1
GLO
nickel, class 1
3.32e-05
kilogram
0.00266049 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for oxygen, liquid
RoW
oxygen, liquid
0.05
kilogram
0.0873111 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for propane, burned in building machine
GLO
propane, burned in building machine
2.73e-03
megajoule
0.00233369 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for quicklime, in pieces, loose
RoW
quicklime, in pieces, loose
0.06
kilogram
0.522274 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 4.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for refractory, basic, packed
GLO
refractory, basic, packed
0.01
kilogram -
0.251613 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for spent solvent mixture
RoW
spent solvent mixture
-3.32e-08
kilogram
-5.3306e-07 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
treatment of electric arc furnace dust, residual material landfill
CH
electric arc furnace dust
-9.60e-03
kilogram -
-1.2915e-05 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025

Natural resources

2 rows

Elementary flows withdrawn from the environment by this dataset.

Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Water, unspecified natural origin
natural resource / in ground
2.30e-03
cubic meter
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Water, unspecified natural origin
natural resource / in water
5.22e-03
cubic meter -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Parameters

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

Parameter export needs attention
  • Exchange `Argon-40` refers to undefined parameters: Ar.

The original definitions remain unchanged. Unsupported formulas or conflicting definitions must be resolved in a new inventory version before a generated export.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Evidence and scrutiny

Quality & review

Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.

Quality and maturity details Expand Collapse

Quality and maturity

TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.

Community

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Raw uploaded files

Contributor files preserved with this public version.

Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Version Published Link
Version 1.0.0 2026-07-15 Current view