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Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Gate to gate inventory for production of MG-silicon from silica sand including materials, energy use, wastes and air emissions. Emissions …
Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Gate to gate inventory for production of MG-silicon from silica sand including materials, energy use, wastes and air emissions. Emissions …
Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Gate to gate inventory for production of MG-silicon from silica sand including materials, energy use, wastes and air emissions. Emissions …
Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Included are energy consumption and auxiliary materials. This process contains the auxiliaries and energy demand for the mentioned conversion process …
Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Original technosphere quantities and waste-service signs restored. Biosphere uses the CLIC ecoinvent 3.10 profile; regional water metadata is retained but …
Source-traceable UVEK 2025 inventory. Reference flow: 1 kilogram. Production of hydrogen fluoride from fluorspar and sulphuric acid. Basic inventory based on own assumptions. Endothermic reaction of CaF2 and …
Source: Chen, S.Y., Fu, X.J., Chu, M.S., Liu, Z.G., Tang, J., 2015. Life cycle assessment of the comprehensive utilisation of vanadium titano-magnetite. J. Clean. Prod. 101, 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.076. …
The power capacity for this application is 1MW and the net storage capacity 6 MWh. The net capacity considers the internal inefficiencies of the batteries and the min …
The power capacity for this application is 1MW and the net storage capacity 6 MWh. The net capacity considers the internal inefficiencies of the batteries and the min …
Curator note: This activity represents used periphericals, for VRFB system in RER; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source …
Curator note: This activity represents used electrolyte solution, for VRFB system in RER; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the …
Curator note: This activity represents used electrolyte tank, for VRFB system in RER; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the …
Curator note: This activity represents used stack, for VRFB system in RER; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source …
Here, it is assumed that a monitoring system is required per stack and thus one BMS is required to control them. It must be noted that this is …
Here, it is assumed that a monitoring system is required per stack and thus one BMS is required to control them. It must be noted that this is …
Here, it is assumed that a monitoring system is required per stack and thus one BMS is required to control them. It must be noted that this is …
The pipes are steel pipes with a Teflon® lining. The required length of the cables is derived from the stack geometry so that a length of 30 meters …
Two centrifugal pumps are required to pump the electrolyte into the cells. In addition, in each electrolyte circuit, two pumps are arranged redundantly. For the design of the …
FKM gaskets represent the first modeled variant. An important type of FKM is the terpolymer consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). The respective ecoinvent …
Each cell is surrounded by an extruded polyvinylchloride (PVC) frame. Thus, the corresponding ecoinvent dataset for polyvinylchloride is used. Since the frame is shaped by extrusion, the corresponding …
As a current collector, copper plates with a thickness of 20 mm are used at both ends of the stack. It is assumed that 1 kg of copper …
The vanadium electrolyte is stored in plastic tanks. These tanks must be composed of materials which are resistant to corrosion in the very low pH environment. Glass fiber …
The electrolyte composition is derived from technical data sheet of the manufacturer Gfe GmbH, and is confirmed by private correspondence with experts. The vanadium concentration within the electrolyte …
The stack frame is a steel structure consisting of two double T-profiles which correspond to the dimensions of the stack. The dimension and weight are estimated based on …
The materials of the bipolar plate must have particular properties because of its multiple responsibilities and the challenging environment in which the VRFB operates. This study focuses on …