battery module production, for SiB battery

Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Other

Supporting sources:

Sanna Wickerts; Rickard Arvidsson; Anders Nordelöf; Magdalena Svanström; Patrik Johansson (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141

Background database: ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model: cut-off
Biosphere database: ecoinvent / 3.9

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Not provided.

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year: Not specified
Inventory reference year: Not specified
Foreground modelling approach: Not specified
Allocated product inventory: Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment: Not specified
Inventory contributions: Not specified
Projects: Not specified
Funding: Not specified
Methodology notes: Wickerts Table S24 supplies the transferred packaging and 408 formed-cell count. The selected module geometry uses 46 g per source cell, giving 18.768 kg cells and a cell mass fraction of 0.751591846542. This reference differs from the 47.319 g sum-of-rounded-materials cell basis used in other Li-S reconstructions. Substitution of sodium-ion cells does not validate the transferred geometry or electrical layout.

The source assumes polypropylene fills the remaining packaging volume, based on separate pouch-cell and cylindrical-cell references. Its packaging process omits heat and electricity because the cited cell/module totals do not isolate module assembly. That omission is a coverage gap, not measured zero assembly energy. Busbar manufacture is supplied separately; controls and cooling remain separate functions. The selected Table S24 quantities agree between the original 2023 and corrected 2024 supplements. The Li-S recycling/lithium correction does not establish a sodium-ion module correction.

The module's declared ecoinvent/biosphere 3.9 profiles remain distinct from the later 3.10 lifecycle interfaces. Supplier compatibility and actual deployment require separate verification.
System boundary: Sodium-ion cell supply and transferred module housing, busbars, polypropylene shaping and steel working per kg module. Separate controls/cooling, finished-module freight, use and eventual retirement are excluded. Complete module assembly utilities are not established.
Included life cycle stages: Manufacturing
Technology description: The selected reference module contains 18.768 kg cells and 6.203 kg non-cell materials, totalling 24.971 kg. Packaging comprises 2.75 kg polypropylene, 2.50 kg steel, 0.275 kg aluminium busbar, 0.593 kg bimetallic busbar and 0.085 kg copper busbar. These quantities and the cell mass are divided by 24.971 kg once. Injection moulding and steel-working services represent processing, not additional retained mass.
Intended application: A fixed packaging proxy for sodium-ion module comparisons that specify cell performance, controls, delivery and retirement separately.
Use limitations: The fixed module geometry and transferred packaging are engineering proxies, not measured sodium-ion pack performance. Generic used-Li-ion treatment does not establish sodium-ion recovery, physical destination, waste composition or a recovery credit. Matching quantities and declared profiles do not certify deployed supplier binding. Source publications and repository publication year 2026 do not establish inventory measurement years. External supplier terms remain separate.
Data origins: Literature

Other fields not yet completed (5)

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type

Publications (1)

Citation: Sanna Wickerts; Rickard Arvidsson; Anders Nordelöf; Magdalena Svanström; Patrik Johansson (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Title: Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage
Doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2023
Relation: Supporting source
Authors: Sanna Wickerts · 0000-0002-7833-0849; Rickard Arvidsson · 0000-0002-9258-0641; Anders Nordelöf · 0000-0002-7455-7341; Magdalena Svanström · 0000-0001-8468-1293; Patrik Johansson · 0000-0002-9907-117X

Evidence and qualifications (19)

Target field: data_origins
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance.

Target field: included_life_cycle_stages
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: name
Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Qualification derived from exact supplied provenance; it does not import a whole-paper method, year or allocation.

Target field: publications
Origin: Source import
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Wickerts supplies transferred module packaging, not the Zhang SIB cells. Existing original_citation/original_doi are preserved; the parent registry owns verified bibliographic enrichment. No primary source is replaced.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Source location: Original article byline/affiliations, 2024 published correction and corrected SI
Qualification: Original paper remains 2023; supporting correction is 2024. Four original author ORCIDs are printed in the original paper; Svanström's additional ORCID is verified using her public record and the same five-author correction. Institutional identifiers preserve department labels and distinct employers; no contributor-role changes.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01782
Source location: 2024 correction; corrected SI S35/S36/S38/S41 and Figure S17
Qualification: A correction exists even though the original registry update query returned none. Its corrected recycling-loop 30/70 primary/recycled lithium accounting is not certified by treatment-node quantity agreement. No blanket factor is applied to chemical manufacture, other chemistries or source result tables.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Source location: Archived mixed source paragraph; Li-S article scope and scenario definitions
Qualification: Wickerts 2023 is supporting literature for transferred battery packaging/component assumptions; it is not the primary source of a sodium-ion electrochemical recipe. No change to primary source, authors of the inventory, funding, maturity or inventory quantities is implied.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Commercial maturity stage: early_commercial. Basis: Retain broad existing source-era route classification only as qualified prior model context; clear inherited exact numeric readiness because transferred architecture or supporting pilot/source studies do not assign a verified numerical TRL to this exact CLIC recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Technology readiness level: Unspecified. Basis: Retain broad existing source-era route classification only as qualified prior model context; clear inherited exact numeric readiness because transferred architecture or supporting pilot/source studies do not assign a verified numerical TRL to this exact CLIC recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Technological representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Geographical representativeness: 5. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.

Commercial maturity stage: Early commercial

Design capacity: Not provided

Design capacity unit: Not provided

Capacity factor: Not provided

Annual production volume: Not provided

Annual production volume unit: Not provided

Annual production volume year: Not provided

Plant lifetime: Not provided

Technology readiness level Not assessed

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 9 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Exchange impact indicator (EF v3.1)

Climate change 6.9333 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals

Acidification 0.0602779 mol H+-Eq / kilogram

Climate change 6.9333 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram

Freshwater ecotoxicity 40.657 CTUe / kilogram

Freshwater eutrophication 0.00366769 kg P-Eq / kilogram

Marine eutrophication 0.00832818 kg N-Eq / kilogram

Terrestrial eutrophication 0.0968916 mol N-Eq / kilogram

Human toxicity, cancer 5.8164e-09 CTUh / kilogram

Human toxicity, non-cancer 1.2303e-07 CTUh / kilogram

Ionising radiation 3.43995 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram

Land use 32.5602 dimensionless / kilogram

Ozone depletion 6.5631e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram

Particulate matter 3.1750e-07 disease incidence / kilogram

Photochemical ozone formation 0.0278597 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram

Resource use, fossils 121.482 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram

Resource use, minerals and metals 3.7731e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram

Water use 35.8731 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram

Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-11-03 09:07 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
battery module production, for SiB battery GLO	battery, SiB module	1	kilogram	-	Reference flow

Technosphere inputs 8 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
battery cell production, SIB, with NMMT cathode and fossil-HC anode RER	battery cell	0.75	kilogram	-	5.93277 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 85.6% of total CLIC v1.0.0
aluminium busbar production, for LiS battery GLO	aluminium busbar	0.01	kilogram	-	0.0699884 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.0% of total CLIC v1.0.0
bimetallic busbar production, for LiS battery GLO	bimetallic busbar	0.02	kilogram	-	0.186784 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.7% of total CLIC v1.0.0
copper busbar production, for LiS battery GLO	copper busbar	3.40e-03	kilogram	-	0.0308903 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.4% of total CLIC v1.0.0
market for polypropylene, granulate GLO	polypropylene, granulate	0.11	kilogram	-	0.23172 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.3% of total BAFU:2025
market for steel, low-alloyed GLO	steel, low-alloyed	0.1	kilogram	-	0.213964 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.1% of total BAFU:2025
market for injection moulding GLO	injection moulding	0.11	kilogram	-	0.112157 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.6% of total BAFU:2025
market for metal working, average for steel product manufacturing GLO	metal working, average for steel product manufacturing	0.1	kilogram	-	0.155026 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.2% of total BAFU:2025

Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Versions & changes 2 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

Version 1.0.0
Published 2026-07-15

First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.
Superseded
Version 1.0.1
Published 2026-11-03

The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.
Published · Viewing · Latest

Show full version history table (2 versions)

Version	Published	Reason for this version	Link
Version 1.0.1	2026-11-03	The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.	Current view
Version 1.0.0 Superseded	Published 2026-07-15	First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.	Open version

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About this version

Why this version changed

The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.

Release notes

Source design and performance assumptions remain those of the reference inventory.

Declared foreground licence: CC-BY-4.0. Source publications and external supplier inventories retain their own terms.

Changes from version 1.0.0 Compare this version with its predecessor. Exchanges are grouped by type and change; biosphere labels include their environmental compartments. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Why this version changed

The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges: 0
Added exchanges: 1
Removed exchanges: 1
Inventory metadata: 0
Version metadata: 11

Reference flows added 1

Reference flows added
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
battery module production, for SiB battery (production / GLO / kilogram)	Amount	Not present	1 kilogram	The battery, SiB module entry supplies the material, process or treatment required by the revised reference. Component manufacture and module assembly are distinguished so each retained component is counted once. The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.

Reference flows removed 1

Reference flows removed
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
battery module production, for LiS battery (production / GLO / kilogram)	Amount	1 kilogram	Not present	The former battery, SiB module entry is superseded by the revised product/component boundary. Component manufacture and module assembly are distinguished so each retained component is counted once. The sodium-ion module now connects the source cell, housing and control components on its common module reference.

Metadata changes 11

Metadata changes
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
Version metadata	Description	Taken from Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Based on Ainsworth (2016), Peters and Weil (2017), Ellingsen et al. (2014) and adapted to SiB battery cells.	Manufacturing reference for 1 kg sodium-ion battery module, combining NMMT-cathode/hard-carbon cells with transferred polypropylene housing, steel and busbars. The packaging arrangement is adapted from a Li-S module model rather than measured for this sodium-ion design. Controls, delivery and eventual retirement are supplied separately.	Describe battery module production, for SiB battery by its actual reference flow, recorded inputs and applicable source qualifications instead of curation instructions and historical decision logs.
Version metadata	Intended application	Not set	A fixed packaging proxy for sodium-ion module comparisons that specify cell performance, controls, delivery and retirement separately.	Apply reviewed discovery metadata and change explanations from the curated release.
Version metadata	System boundary	Not set	Sodium-ion cell supply and transferred module housing, busbars, polypropylene shaping and steel working per kg module. Separate controls/cooling, finished-module freight, use and eventual retirement are excluded. Complete module assembly utilities are not established.
Version metadata	Technology description	Not set	The selected reference module contains 18.768 kg cells and 6.203 kg non-cell materials, totalling 24.971 kg. Packaging comprises 2.75 kg polypropylene, 2.50 kg steel, 0.275 kg aluminium busbar, 0.593 kg bimetallic busbar and 0.085 kg copper busbar. These quantities and the cell mass are divided by 24.971 kg once. Injection moulding and steel-working services represent processing, not additional retained mass.
Version metadata	Limitations on use	Not set	The fixed module geometry and transferred packaging are engineering proxies, not measured sodium-ion pack performance. Generic used-Li-ion treatment does not establish sodium-ion recovery, physical destination, waste composition or a recovery credit. Matching quantities and declared profiles do not certify deployed supplier binding. Source publications and repository publication year 2026 do not establish inventory measurement years. External supplier terms remain separate.
Version metadata	Methodology and allocation explanation	Sodium-ion module packaging is transferred from Wickerts Li-S component references because the sodium-ion source does not provide packing data. Treat this as an engineering adaptation, separate from the Zhang cell inventory.	Wickerts Table S24 supplies the transferred packaging and 408 formed-cell count. The selected module geometry uses 46 g per source cell, giving 18.768 kg cells and a cell mass fraction of 0.751591846542. This reference differs from the 47.319 g sum-of-rounded-materials cell basis used in other Li-S reconstructions. Substitution of sodium-ion cells does not validate the transferred geometry or electrical layout. The source assumes polypropylene fills the remaining packaging volume, based on separate pouch-cell and cylindrical-cell references. Its packaging process omits heat and electricity because the cited cell/module totals do not isolate module assembly. That omission is a coverage gap, not measured zero assembly energy. Busbar manufacture is supplied separately; controls and cooling remain separate functions. The selected Table S24 quantities agree between the original 2023 and corrected 2024 supplements. The Li-S recycling/lithium correction does not establish a sodium-ion module correction. The module's declared ecoinvent/biosphere 3.9 profiles remain distinct from the later 3.10 lifecycle interfaces. Supplier compatibility and actual deployment require separate verification.	No explanation was recorded for this change.
Version metadata	Publication / citation	Originally from Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Based on Ainsworth (2016), Peters and Weil (2017), Ellingsen et al. (2014), but adapted to SiB batterx cells since the publication does not give information on packing.	Not set
Version metadata	Source	Originally from Wickerts et al. (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. Based on Ainsworth (2016), Peters and Weil (2017), Ellingsen et al. (2014), but adapted to SiB batterx cells since the publication does not give information on packing.	Supporting sources: Sanna Wickerts; Rickard Arvidsson; Anders Nordelöf; Magdalena Svanström; Patrik Johansson (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141
Version metadata	Source type	scientific_journal	other
Version metadata	Contributors, publications, projects and supporting evidence	Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import Evidence: 3. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 3. Qualification: Qualification derived from exact supplied provenance; it does not import a whole-paper method, year or allocation. Evidence: 3. Source location: source Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 4. Origin: source_import Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Wickerts supplies transferred module packaging, not the Zhang SIB cells. Existing original_citation/original_doi are preserved; the parent registry owns verified bibliographic enrichment. No primary source is replaced. Evidence: 4. Source location: source Evidence: 4. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: publications Evidence: 5. Qualification: Original paper remains 2023; supporting correction is 2024. Four original author ORCIDs are printed in the original paper; Svanström's additional ORCID is verified using her public record and the same five-author correction. Institutional identifiers preserve department labels and distinct employers; no contributor-role changes. Evidence: 5. Source location: Original article byline/affiliations, 2024 published correction and corrected SI Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: publications Evidence: 6. Qualification: A correction exists even though the original registry update query returned none. Its corrected recycling-loop 30/70 primary/recycled lithium accounting is not certified by treatment-node quantity agreement. No blanket factor is applied to chemical manufacture, other chemistries or source result tables. Evidence: 6. Source location: 2024 correction; corrected SI S35/S36/S38/S41 and Figure S17 Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01782 Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: publications Evidence: 7. Qualification: Wickerts 2023 is supporting literature for transferred battery packaging/component assumptions; it is not the primary source of a sodium-ion electrochemical recipe. No change to primary source, authors of the inventory, funding, maturity or inventory quantities is implied. Evidence: 7. Source location: Archived mixed source paragraph; Li-S article scope and scenario definitions Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Title: Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Sanna Wickerts Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-7833-0849 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Rickard Arvidsson Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: 0000-0002-9258-0641 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Anders Nordelöf Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: 0000-0002-7455-7341 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04p2pa451 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.toi.no/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Name: Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Magdalena Svanström Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: 0000-0001-8468-1293 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Patrik Johansson Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: 0000-0002-9907-117X Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/01wy0hc37 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Url: http://www.alistore.eu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Name: ALISTORE−European Research Institute, Rue Baudelocque, Amiens 80000, France Publications: 1. Citation: Sanna Wickerts, Rickard Arvidsson, Anders Nordelöf, Magdalena Svanström, Patrik Johansson (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 11(26), 9553-9563. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2023	Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Tags describe documented input origins of this exact supplied version. Literature does not assert direct measurements; engineering and proxy tags describe stated assumptions, not validated industrial performance. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: source_import Evidence: 2. Target field: included_life_cycle_stages Evidence: 2. Qualification: Minimum explicitly named stage(s); no assertion that all upstream/downstream stages of the cited study are present. Manufacturing rejects alone do not create an end-of-life stage. Evidence: 2. Source location: name Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import Evidence: 3. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 3. Qualification: Qualification derived from exact supplied provenance; it does not import a whole-paper method, year or allocation. Evidence: 3. Source location: source Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 4. Origin: source_import Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Wickerts supplies transferred module packaging, not the Zhang SIB cells. Existing original_citation/original_doi are preserved; the parent registry owns verified bibliographic enrichment. No primary source is replaced. Evidence: 4. Source location: source Evidence: 4. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: publications Evidence: 5. Qualification: Original paper remains 2023; supporting correction is 2024. Four original author ORCIDs are printed in the original paper; Svanström's additional ORCID is verified using her public record and the same five-author correction. Institutional identifiers preserve department labels and distinct employers; no contributor-role changes. Evidence: 5. Source location: Original article byline/affiliations, 2024 published correction and corrected SI Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: publications Evidence: 6. Qualification: A correction exists even though the original registry update query returned none. Its corrected recycling-loop 30/70 primary/recycled lithium accounting is not certified by treatment-node quantity agreement. No blanket factor is applied to chemical manufacture, other chemistries or source result tables. Evidence: 6. Source location: 2024 correction; corrected SI S35/S36/S38/S41 and Figure S17 Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01782 Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: publications Evidence: 7. Qualification: Wickerts 2023 is supporting literature for transferred battery packaging/component assumptions; it is not the primary source of a sodium-ion electrochemical recipe. No change to primary source, authors of the inventory, funding, maturity or inventory quantities is implied. Evidence: 7. Source location: Archived mixed source paragraph; Li-S article scope and scenario definitions Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 8. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 8. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 8. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 8. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 9. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 9. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 9. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 10. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 10. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 10. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 10. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 10. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 11. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 11. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 11. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 11. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 11. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 12. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 12. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 12. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 12. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 12. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 13. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 13. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 13. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 13. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 13. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 14. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 14. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 14. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own kg-module/cell supply or nominal-kWh hardware provision does not identify a configured manufacturing plant or installed battery system. Cell157 Wh/kg,120–180 Wh/kg density endpoints and module masses are performance/normalization parameters, not output capacity, calendar life, annual production or load factor. No cycle-life multiplier is inferred. Retain guarded own numeric model values with exact energy, duration and reference roles; missing own fields remain unspecified. Neither efficiency/DoD/capture/quality shares nor provider nameplate and source host parameters establish own capacity factor, calendar life or annual output. Modeled lifetime-average annual delivery has no observed production year without separate evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 14. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 14. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 15. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 15. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 15. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Commercial maturity stage: early_commercial. Basis: Retain broad existing source-era route classification only as qualified prior model context; clear inherited exact numeric readiness because transferred architecture or supporting pilot/source studies do not assign a verified numerical TRL to this exact CLIC recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 15. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 15. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 16. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 16. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 16. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Technology readiness level: Unspecified. Basis: Retain broad existing source-era route classification only as qualified prior model context; clear inherited exact numeric readiness because transferred architecture or supporting pilot/source studies do not assign a verified numerical TRL to this exact CLIC recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 16. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 16. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 17. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 17. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 17. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Technological representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 17. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 17. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 18. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 18. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 18. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Geographical representativeness: 5. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 18. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 18. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 19. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 19. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 19. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-1337. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for transferred geometry, operating/carbon/reference semantics and supplier scope. Preserve worse prior scores. Source forecasts, studies, EPDs and archive editions are not measured inventory periods or production reference years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 19. Source location: Exact current guarded recipe, original-source/model parameter ledger and approved editorial reconstruction Evidence: 19. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Title: Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Sanna Wickerts Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-7833-0849 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Rickard Arvidsson Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: 0000-0002-9258-0641 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Anders Nordelöf Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: 0000-0002-7455-7341 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/04p2pa451 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Url: https://www.toi.no/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 2. Name: Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Magdalena Svanström Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: 0000-0001-8468-1293 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Environmental Systems Analysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Patrik Johansson Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: 0000-0002-9907-117X Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/040wg7k59 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.chalmers.se/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Ror: https://ror.org/01wy0hc37 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Url: http://www.alistore.eu/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 2. Name: ALISTORE−European Research Institute, Rue Baudelocque, Amiens 80000, France Publications: 1. Citation: Sanna Wickerts; Rickard Arvidsson; Anders Nordelöf; Magdalena Svanström; Patrik Johansson (2023). Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00141 Publications: 1. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2023
Version metadata	Technology readiness level	8	Not set

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battery module production, for SiB battery

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