Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
This dataset is part of the component-based lithium-ion battery inventories adapted by Crenna et al. (2021) from Dai et al. (2019), where battery packs are modelled from their constituent materials, cells, electronics, and packaging. It represents the separator material that electrically isolates electrodes while allowing ionic transport inside the cell.
Source
Scientific journal publication
Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48. The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC111) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory". Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.014859
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change4.8766
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity14.7326
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000850188
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00217935
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0109652
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils85.8732
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.3706e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use48.8357
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.014859
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change4.8766
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity14.7326
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.000850188
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.00217935
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.0216437
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer1.4744e-09
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer1.9696e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation1.00861
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use9.81505
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion9.1754e-08
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter1.4308e-07
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.0109652
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils85.8732
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals1.3706e-05
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use48.8357
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:46 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
battery separator
GLO
battery separator
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
13 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market group for transport, freight train
GLO
transport, freight train
0.02
ton kilometer
-
3.7009e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00053496kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00173774CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.2483e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.8085e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.9220e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.6089e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5903e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000709429kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00360484dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.5290e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.4640e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.5774e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0135836MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.9235e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000219739m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.02
ton kilometer
-
8.9974e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
0.0216124kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.0564508CTUe / kilogram
0.4% of total
2.4403e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
3.3960e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.6% of total
0.000363153mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
8.3926e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.6% of total
1.8847e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.00430847kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.166311dimensionless / kilogram
1.7% of total
3.3312e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
3.6% of total
7.0975e-10disease incidence / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.000128422kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.313209MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.4% of total
7.1962e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.0320668m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for extrusion, plastic film
GLO
extrusion, plastic film
0.35
kilogram
-
0.000354509mol H+-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.126565kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
2.6% of total
0.365031CTUe / kilogram
2.5% of total
6.1316e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
7.2% of total
6.9944e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
3.2% of total
0.000651358mol N-Eq / kilogram
3.0% of total
1.7236e-10CTUh / kilogram
11.7% of total
7.9741e-10CTUh / kilogram
4.0% of total
0.0874856kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
8.7% of total
2.58761dimensionless / kilogram
26.4% of total
2.8070e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
3.1% of total
2.9565e-09disease incidence / kilogram
2.1% of total
0.00023824kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
2.2% of total
2.13102MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
2.5% of total
1.9152e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.0706405m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyethylene, high density, granulate
GLO
polyethylene, high density, granulate
0.35
kilogram
-
0.0018934mol H+-Eq / kilogram
12.7% of total
0.796498kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
16.3% of total
4.74538CTUe / kilogram
32.2% of total
4.4312e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
5.2% of total
0.000421889kg N-Eq / kilogram
19.4% of total
0.00462154mol N-Eq / kilogram
21.4% of total
1.1406e-10CTUh / kilogram
7.7% of total
3.0165e-09CTUh / kilogram
15.3% of total
0.0286421kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.8% of total
0.329715dimensionless / kilogram
3.4% of total
2.2345e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
24.4% of total
2.3821e-08disease incidence / kilogram
16.6% of total
0.00201979kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
18.4% of total
24.6389MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
28.7% of total
1.2037e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
8.8% of total
4.6245m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
9.5% of total
BAFU:2025
market for phthalic anhydride
GLO
phthalic anhydride
0.29
kilogram
-
0.00305487mol H+-Eq / kilogram
20.6% of total
0.583607kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
12.0% of total
4.10884CTUe / kilogram
27.9% of total
0.000117228kg P-Eq / kilogram
13.8% of total
0.000495648kg N-Eq / kilogram
22.7% of total
0.00442415mol N-Eq / kilogram
20.4% of total
2.0281e-10CTUh / kilogram
13.8% of total
4.1162e-09CTUh / kilogram
20.9% of total
0.073305kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
7.3% of total
0.826753dimensionless / kilogram
8.4% of total
5.2654e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
5.7% of total
4.6382e-08disease incidence / kilogram
32.4% of total
0.0032396kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
29.5% of total
18.1493MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
21.1% of total
2.0403e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
14.9% of total
0.0932471m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for silica sand
GLO
silica sand
0.22
kilogram
-
0.000207743mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.082729kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.232369CTUe / kilogram
1.6% of total
2.3938e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
2.8% of total
5.2821e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.000536748mol N-Eq / kilogram
2.5% of total
7.7368e-11CTUh / kilogram
5.2% of total
1.1310e-09CTUh / kilogram
5.7% of total
0.0240014kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.4% of total
0.245857dimensionless / kilogram
2.5% of total
1.4288e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
1.6% of total
4.2660e-09disease incidence / kilogram
3.0% of total
0.000246154kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
2.2% of total
0.989092MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
1.2% of total
6.3925e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.0174163m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
0.19
megajoule
-
1.0438e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0173572kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.0565244CTUe / kilogram
0.4% of total
6.1211e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
4.2684e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
4.1525e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.0909e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.5913e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.00136953kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0150934dimensionless / kilogram
0.2% of total
5.2925e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.6% of total
6.4802e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.3895e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.284936MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.3% of total
5.6287e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00406573m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyvinylfluoride
GLO
polyvinylfluoride
0.19
kilogram
-
0.00866218mol H+-Eq / kilogram
58.3% of total
3.2565kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
66.8% of total
6.15997CTUe / kilogram
41.8% of total
0.000524895kg P-Eq / kilogram
61.7% of total
0.00102747kg N-Eq / kilogram
47.1% of total
0.0100841mol N-Eq / kilogram
46.6% of total
7.4053e-10CTUh / kilogram
50.2% of total
1.0780e-08CTUh / kilogram
54.7% of total
0.76698kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
76.0% of total
5.17714dimensionless / kilogram
52.7% of total
5.1650e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
56.3% of total
5.9240e-08disease incidence / kilogram
41.4% of total
0.00468402kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
42.7% of total
36.4015MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
42.4% of total
6.5699e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
47.9% of total
43.874m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
89.8% of total
BAFU:2025
market for hexafluoroethane
GLO
hexafluoroethane
0.03
kilogram
-
0.000161003mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.0516996kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.231549CTUe / kilogram
1.6% of total
5.7377e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
2.9100e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.3% of total
0.000360062mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
1.9313e-11CTUh / kilogram
1.3% of total
3.2975e-10CTUh / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.00474522kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
0.0521139dimensionless / kilogram
0.5% of total
3.3738e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
3.7% of total
1.9329e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.4% of total
0.000156369kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.4% of total
1.52523MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
1.8% of total
1.3973e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
1.0% of total
0.00641591m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for acetone, liquid
RoW
acetone, liquid
0.01
kilogram
-
0.000178544mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.0332033kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
0.02439CTUe / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.2201e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
2.5797e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.00028197mol N-Eq / kilogram
1.3% of total
3.3323e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
5.2463e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.3% of total
1.5646e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000355099dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5755e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5996e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.1% of total
0.000128749kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.91192MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
1.1% of total
2.4849e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.0623e-05m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
GLO
electricity, medium voltage
2.00e-03
kilowatt hour
-
2.7247e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0011497kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00350183CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.8062e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.4019e-07kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.2296e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.5434e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.3838e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000311362kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00456926dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.1625e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.5284e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.7239e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0161179MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.6219e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0338691m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
4.00e-10
unit
-
0.000272447mol H+-Eq / kilogram
1.8% of total
0.0386501kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.8% of total
0.16672CTUe / kilogram
1.1% of total
6.8268e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
8.0% of total
3.8172e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
1.8% of total
0.000429253mol N-Eq / kilogram
2.0% of total
1.5027e-10CTUh / kilogram
10.2% of total
2.4500e-09CTUh / kilogram
12.4% of total
0.0169641kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
0.415917dimensionless / kilogram
4.2% of total
1.0710e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
2.1773e-09disease incidence / kilogram
1.5% of total
0.000136281kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.2% of total
0.536268MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.6% of total
3.3969e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
24.8% of total
0.0800932m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for residue from shredder fraction from manual dismantling
RoW
residue from shredder fraction from manual dismantling
-0.05
kilogram
-
-3.2557e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
-0.2% of total
-0.13351kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
-2.7% of total
-1.41987CTUe / kilogram
-9.6% of total
-1.2231e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-2.2074e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
-1.0% of total
-0.000174651mol N-Eq / kilogram
-0.8% of total
-1.7038e-11CTUh / kilogram
-1.2% of total
-3.2168e-09CTUh / kilogram
-16.3% of total
-0.000228851kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.00998287dimensionless / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-8.6077e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-1.3986e-10disease incidence / kilogram
-0.1% of total
-4.3640e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
-0.4% of total
-0.0378092MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
-3.4148e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
-0.000849394m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
1 CLIC node
and 13 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
12345
strongweak
Missing exchange uncertainty generation:
Not requested
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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