Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
Curator note: This activity represents cathode, NCA, for Li-ion battery in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.
Source
Scientific journal publication
Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48. The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nicke-manganese-cobalt (NCA) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory". Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Changes from version 1.0.0
Automatically detected by comparing the complete inventory snapshots. Exchange row order is ignored;
structured proposal edits preserve their published-row correspondence.
Open the base version.
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Public revision record
This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.
Modified exchanges
0
Added exchanges
0
Removed exchanges
0
Inventory metadata
0
Version metadata
1
Metadata changes
Scope
Field
Previous value
Revised value
Version metadata
Description
This dataset is part of the component-based lithium-ion battery inventories adapted by Crenna et al. (2021) from Dai et al. (2019), where battery packs are modelled from their constituent materials, cells, electronics, and packaging. It represents the NCA cathode assembly as the positive-electrode component used in the modeled Li-ion cell architecture.
Curator note: This activity represents cathode, NCA, for Li-ion battery in GLO; its declared reference amount is 1 kilogram. The original source citation is recorded in the source field. This note was added during metadata curation and introduces no modelling assumptions.
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.449741
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change119.411
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity481.22
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.0707443
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.263723
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils1817.09
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals0.00216403
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use1944.43
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.449741
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change119.411
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity481.22
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.0707443
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.08881
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.831104
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer8.0182e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer2.8227e-06
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation38.2743
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use530.291
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion2.4284e-06
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter3.7974e-06
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.263723
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils1817.09
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals0.00216403
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use1944.43
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 14:22 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
cathode, NCA, for Li-ion battery
GLO
cathode, NCA, for Li-ion battery
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
10 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market for transport, freight train
RoW
transport, freight train
2.77e-03
ton kilometer
-
2.0322e-07mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.6417e-05kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000122249CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.8027e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.7563e-08kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.7700e-07mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.5891e-14CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.9044e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.5500e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000858181dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.1285e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.0913e-12disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.1591e-07kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000897265MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.0401e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.6297e-05m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.06
ton kilometer
-
0.000266273mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0639607kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.167063CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
7.2218e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000100501kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00107473mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.4837e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.5778e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0127506kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.492188dimensionless / kilogram
0.1% of total
9.8585e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
2.1005e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000380056kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.926922MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.1297e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0948997m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, sea, container ship
GLO
transport, freight, sea, container ship
0.21
ton kilometer
-
0.000111964mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00328951kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00653752CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.5562e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.9069e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00032146mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.0657e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.9063e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000217095kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00462499dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.9600e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.0659e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.5662e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0419368MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.8743e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000442519m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
GLO
electricity, medium voltage
0.44
kilowatt hour
-
0.000600237mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.253271kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.771432CTUe / kilogram
0.2% of total
8.3848e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000119kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00115205mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.4415e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
3.0485e-09CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0685912kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
1.00658dimensionless / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.5609e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
5.5700e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000379758kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.55068MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.2% of total
1.2385e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
7.46115m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for carbon black
GLO
carbon black
0.03
kilogram
-
0.000228624mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0829266kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.588665CTUe / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.9428e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.7095e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000265245mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.1159e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.1240e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00174392kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.223517dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.5607e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
7.4478e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.000314356kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
2.27607MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.0135e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0342147m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for polyvinylfluoride
GLO
polyvinylfluoride
0.03
kilogram
-
0.00112683mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.423627kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.4% of total
0.801328CTUe / kilogram
0.2% of total
6.8282e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00013366kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.00131181mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
9.6333e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.4023e-09CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0997737kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.673475dimensionless / kilogram
0.1% of total
6.7190e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
7.7063e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.000609327kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
4.73534MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.3% of total
8.5466e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.7074m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.3% of total
BAFU:2025
market for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
RoW
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
27.8
megajoule
-
0.00150134mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
2.49666kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
2.1% of total
8.13048CTUe / kilogram
1.7% of total
8.8047e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00061397kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
0.005973mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
3.0075e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.4% of total
5.1658e-09CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.196994kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.5% of total
2.17104dimensionless / kilogram
0.4% of total
7.6127e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
3.1% of total
9.3212e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.00343702kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
1.3% of total
40.9853MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
2.3% of total
8.0964e-07kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.584816m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
GLO
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
5.60e-03
kilogram
-
5.1705e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0213282kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.91414CTUe / kilogram
0.4% of total
4.9339e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000580472kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.7% of total
0.000122318mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.4087e-11CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.2878e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00509642kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0499589dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.7971e-10kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.2769e-10disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.7793e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.423728MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.6080e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00695907m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for chemical factory, organics
GLO
chemical factory, organics
4.00e-10
unit
-
0.000272447mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0386501kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.16672CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.8268e-05kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
3.8172e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000429253mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.5027e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.2% of total
2.4500e-09CTUh / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.0169641kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.415917dimensionless / kilogram
0.1% of total
1.0710e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.1773e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.000136281kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.536268MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.3969e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
0.0800932m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
2 CLIC nodes
and 9 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
12345
strongweak
Missing exchange uncertainty generation:
Not requested
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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