Scope, source, release context, and stable identifying information.
Description
This dataset is part of the component-based lithium-ion battery inventories adapted by Crenna et al. (2021) from Dai et al. (2019), where battery packs are modelled from their constituent materials, cells, electronics, and packaging. It represents supply of NCA oxide as an active electrode or precursor material used in the modeled cell chemistry.
Source
Scientific journal publication
Dai, Q., Kelly, J. C., Gaines, L., & Wang, M. (2019). Life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications. Batteries, 5(2), 48. The inventory is modelled according to the publication of Dai et al. (2019), in which a battery pack with gross pack energy of 23.5 kWh made of 140 3.6 V- 46Ah prismatic cells is presented. Cells are made of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NCA) cathode and a graphite-based anode, liquid electrolyte and a porous plastic separator. Infrastructure is included as well in this dataset as "electronic component factory". Updated by: Eleonora Crenna, EMPA, Switzerland, see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105619
Scale, utilization, production, and lifetime data. Missing values remain visible to guide future metadata improvements.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
Inventory workspace
Inventory & impacts
Inspect every exchange and its contribution to the selected EF v3.1 indicator.
Precalculated screening profile
Environmental impacts
Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.
Acidification0.469033
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change122.134
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity493.341
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.0741269
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.271919
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils1856.44
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals0.00227206
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use2032.07
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Screening result
This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.
Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification0.469033
mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change122.134
kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity493.341
CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication0.0741269
kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication0.0917558
kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication0.863635
mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer8.3622e-08
CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer2.9575e-06
CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation39.8654
kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use552.898
dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion2.4538e-06
kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter3.9606e-06
disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation0.271919
kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils1856.44
MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals0.00227206
kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use2032.07
m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details
Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact
4e70d56a85b1 · calculated
2026-09-30 13:45 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.
Dataset contents
Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.
Outputs
Reference flow
1 row
Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
NCA oxide
GLO
NCA oxide
1
kilogram
-
Reference flow
Emissions
1 row
Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
Water
air / non-urban air or from high stacks
1.96e-04
cubic meter
-
0mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
0kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00840188m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Inputs
Technosphere inputs
8 rows
Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange
Reference / categories
Amount
Unit
Metadata
Climate change contribution
market for transport, freight train
RoW
transport, freight train
0.03
ton kilometer
-
2.4068e-06mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000549738kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00144785CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.3193e-07kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.0018e-07kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
8.0180e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.6194e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.9928e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000538879kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0101638dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.3365e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.4769e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.5571e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0106267MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.2319e-09kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000311445m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
RoW
transport, freight, inland waterways, barge
2.66e-03
ton kilometer
-
7.7698e-07mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.8073e-05kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000236166CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.0563e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.8024e-07kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.0511e-06mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.1448e-14CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
5.0562e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.4219e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000619572dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.1059e-12kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.0712e-12disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.3524e-06kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0013084MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.7608e-11kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.1541e-05m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, sea, container ship
GLO
transport, freight, sea, container ship
0.06
ton kilometer
-
3.4674e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00101874kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00202462CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
4.8194e-08kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.0026e-06kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.9554e-05mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.8076e-13CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.7582e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
6.7233e-05kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00143233dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.1555e-11kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.8076e-11disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.6529e-05kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0129875MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
1.8192e-10kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000137045m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RoW
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.02
ton kilometer
-
9.9984e-05mol H+-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.024017kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0627315CTUe / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.7118e-06kg P-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.7738e-05kg N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.000403557mol N-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
9.3263e-12CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
2.0944e-10CTUh / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00478782kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.184815dimensionless / kilogram
0.0% of total
3.7018e-09kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
0.2% of total
7.8871e-10disease incidence / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.00014271kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.348056MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.0% of total
7.9968e-08kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.0% of total
0.0356345m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, medium voltage
GLO
electricity, medium voltage
7.26
kilowatt hour
-
0.00989069mol H+-Eq / kilogram
2.1% of total
4.1734kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
3.4% of total
12.7116CTUe / kilogram
2.6% of total
0.00138164kg P-Eq / kilogram
1.9% of total
0.00196087kg N-Eq / kilogram
2.1% of total
0.0189835mol N-Eq / kilogram
2.2% of total
2.3753e-09CTUh / kilogram
2.8% of total
5.0233e-08CTUh / kilogram
1.7% of total
1.13024kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
2.8% of total
16.5864dimensionless / kilogram
3.0% of total
4.2198e-08kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
1.7% of total
9.1782e-08disease incidence / kilogram
2.3% of total
0.00625765kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
2.3% of total
58.508MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
3.2% of total
2.0407e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
122.945m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
6.1% of total
4.0335e-09disease incidence / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.00025246kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
0.1% of total
0.993437MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
0.1% of total
6.2928e-06kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
0.3% of total
0.148373m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
Parameters
Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.
No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.
Supply-chain graph
Direct technosphere and natural-resource inputs appear on the left; emissions appear on the right.
Current datasetTechnosphere inputsEnvironmental resource inputsEmissions
3 CLIC nodes
and 7 background boundary nodes shown.
Direct inputs appear to the left of the current dataset, while emissions appear to the right. Hover an arrow to inspect its amount and unit, click a blue supplier node to reveal up to three upstream steps, or click an emissions node to open its biosphere flows, then scroll or drag the canvas to navigate.
Evidence and scrutiny
Quality & review
Assess representativeness and read the public record of the scientific review.
Quality and maturity detailsExpandCollapse
Quality and maturity
TRL scaleHigher is more mature.9: routine commercial deployment8: commercial, but still niche or scaling7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration6: engineering-scale demonstration5: pilot or large prototype4: bench or lab validated3: research-stage conceptTechnology readiness level
123456789
earlymature
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: strong market- or operating-data basis2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective5: weak representation of the real technology stateTechnological representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: geography matches the claimed scope well2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact3: generic regional or global proxy4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch5: geography is effectively unsupportedGeographical representativeness
12345
strongweak
1 to 5 scaleLower is better.1: current for that technology class2: slightly dated, but still good3: dated enough to need caution4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice5: clearly not representative of the current stateTemporal representativeness
12345
strongweak
Missing exchange uncertainty generation:
Not requested
Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.
Public review record
Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant
accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes.
Show reviewHide review
Publication route
Curator-led bulk import
This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.
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