CLIC Curated Life cycle Inventory Collection

Trucks and lorries

internal combustion engine, for lorry

Reference product internal combustion engine, for lorry RER

Published Version 1.0.1 Latest published

Stable dataset identity internal-combustion-engine-for-lorry

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Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY 4.0
Published
2026-11-03
Version
1.0.1
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Process description and catalog context. View scientific metadata

Description

Manufacturing model for 1 kg of lorry internal-combustion engine.

Dataset details

Classification, keywords, bookmarks and download counts.

Classification
Trucks and lorries (transport/road/trucks)
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

Classification path: Transport > Road transport > Trucks and lorries

Keywords

  • road transport
  • trucks and lorries
Log in to bookmark
Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Source

Source documentation, background profiles and references.

Scientific journal publication

Wolff, S., Seidenfus, M., Gordon, K., Álvarez, S., Kalt, S., Lienkamp, M. (2020). Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production. Sustainability12(13),5396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396

Background database
ecoinvent / 3.8
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.8

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Scientific metadata

Reference years, modelling and allocation methods, contributors, publications, projects and funding.

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year
2020
Inventory reference year
Not specified
Foreground modelling approach
Not specified
Allocated product inventory
Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment
Not specified
Inventory contributions
Not specified
Methodology notes
Source and application
Wolff (2020) supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor production inventories using secondary data, mass models and expert interviews. Its material-through-final-assembly boundary excludes use, fuel supply and vehicle end of life. GaBi, ecoinvent 3.3 and thinkstep 6.115 (2017) describe the source settings, not a migration of CLIC profiles. Publication in 2020 does not date every input. Bundling by carculator_truck 0.5.2/carculator_utils 1.3.7 describes later model provenance; Sacchi/Bauer/Cox (2021) describes the vehicle model rather than each component recipe.

Preserved engine repairs
The source aluminium fraction is 171/1,140 = 0.15 kg/kg. Current cast-alloy provision replaces unsupported AlLi without certifying every alloy; the current phenolic-plastic dose retains the earlier tenfold transcription repair.
System boundary
The recorded internal-combustion engine material provision and manufacturing/service inputs per kilogram declared reference. Vehicle operation, fuel supply and whole-vehicle retirement are separate.
Technology description
Steel, cast iron, aluminium, copper, polymer and rubber supplies are combined with metal working, electricity and recorded manufacturing releases. Engine power, fuel use and driving emissions belong to the operating model rather than this production reference.
Intended application
Per-mass internal-combustion engine provision in an explicit lorry assembly model, retaining current supplier and process adaptations.
Use limitations
Component scope
Source mass normalization and CLIC material/processing suppliers do not establish every alloy, manufacturing yield or complete present industrial design.

Evidence and amendments
Recorded scoped checks did not establish a formal Wolff erratum; publisher web/PDF update dates do not themselves establish inventory corrections. Hawkins (2013) has a corrigendum affecting EV motor/inverter/charger and battery packaging. Its applicability must be traced to the specific reused component rather than propagated to every glider or rail process. Source and compiler heat units, gas reference conditions, supplier proxies and uncertainty retain their documented qualifications.

Engine reference
The 1,140 kg dry-engine SI bill differs from the printed 1,206 kg Table 4 total. Those definitions are not silently renormalized, and other rounded materials remain as authored.
Data origins
Literature
Other fields not yet completed (6)

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Process type, Included life cycle stages

Publications (1)
Citation
Wolff, S., Seidenfus, M., Gordon, K., Álvarez, S., Kalt, S., Lienkamp, M. (2020). Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production. Sustainability12(13),5396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Title
Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production
Doi
10.3390/su12135396
Url
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source type
Scientific journal
Publication year
2020
Relation
Primary source
Authors
Sebastian Wolff · 0000-0001-6937-3313; Moritz Seidenfus; Karim Gordon; Sergio Álvarez; Svenja Kalt · 0000-0002-4261-8517; Markus Lienkamp
Projects (1)
Name
Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Url
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Relation
Source study
Funding (1)
Organization
Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany · https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Project
Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Evidence and qualifications (20)
Target field
publications
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
source
Qualification
Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3390%2Fsu12135396
Source location
Publisher-deposited registry /message/title, /message/published and /message/author
Qualification
Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Target field
data_origins
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
source
Qualification
Documented inputs to this compilation/model, not newly measured data. Omitted tags remain unspecified. Literature denotes cited inventory sources.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Source import
Source reference
Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location
description
Qualification
Only this supplied activity is described; whole-paper life-cycle boundaries not copied onto components.
Target field
publications
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Publisher XML/PDF byline, affiliations and ORCIDs; explicit source-role review
Qualification
Six2020authors at TUM. Paper defines truck component inventories, not regional rail operation. Historical affiliations and inventory contributors remain separate.
Target field
methodology_notes
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Published main/SI member/cell quantities and exact CLIC references
Qualification
Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. Partial source comparison. Dry engine SI mass1140kg differs from printed Table4 total1206kg; native/paper definitions are retained, not blindly renormalized. Cab heat total labelledkWh adds MJ subtotals and printed TableA2 saysMJ; other heatkWh/MJ labels require ancestor verification before any3.6rescaling. Tyre acetylene differs by10between SI and printed table. Natural-gas mass/volume conversion requires reference conditions. Source power-electronics sheet has detailed materials/processing but no declared total normalization; do not sum process solvents into a finished-device mass without justification. No formal Wolff erratum found in scoped checks. Publisher HTML/PDF update dates alone do not establish inventory corrections. Hawkins2013 corrigendum changes EV motor/inverter/charger and additional battery packaging; applicability must be traced to each reused component, not applied across every glider or rail process.
Target field
funding
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Published funding statement
Qualification
TUM Institute of Automotive Technology basic research support of Wolff source study; no grant/industry sponsor or CLIC regional-rail/inventory-development funding inferred.
Target field
methodology_notes
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
Manifest-verified prior correction/source/migration decisions and exact archive guards
Source location
Historical preservation register P013/P014 or scoped H-series review; original encoding and approval boundaries retained
Qualification
Manifest-verified historical decision NB-BOUNDED-2986. Preserve the identified prior repair and its source/profile qualifications. Exact agreement is not blanket approval of every other amount, provider, uncertainty or future version. Original decision rationale: Compose only the source-verified corrections recorded in audit ordinals 49,50; preserve the remaining curated model, original paired profiles and published history. Original qualification: The individual cited source/proxy and engineering limitations remain binding. No complete-model replacement, performance change, new recovery credit or blanket background migration is authorized. Specific prior repair evidence: Original Wolff Engine.xlsx B8/B3=171/1140=0.15kg/kg; inherited float32 coefficient0.1500000059604645 remains exact. Full historical workbook comparison preserves all other executable fields. Native cast-alloy product metadata includes engine cylinder-head applications, but this is compatibility evidence rather than proof all source engine aluminium is cast or of an exact alloy grade. Removes unsupported direct specialty-alloy demand without altering other materials, manufacturing, buyer mass or per-MJ lifetimes. Separate engine plastic/total-material corrections are not certified by this identity change. Restore the original truck-engine phenolic-plastic dose, correcting the tenfold transcription error; other rounded coefficients remain as authored.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Curator assessment of the established underlying industrial manufacturing or processing class. It is not an author-assigned numerical TRL, a whole-vehicle/tank readiness claim or certification of exact retained recipe and omitted-flow closure. The approved editorial process boundary controls the interpretation of the historical dataset name. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Curator assessment of the established underlying industrial manufacturing or processing class. It is not an author-assigned numerical TRL, a whole-vehicle/tank readiness claim or certification of exact retained recipe and omitted-flow closure. The approved editorial process boundary controls the interpretation of the historical dataset name. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of scalable/transferred source materials and process proxies. Detailed local grouped-stage, gas/solvent/precursor/liner normalization and omission limitations justify score 4 where present; isolated source agreement does not certify the whole chain. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator score 3 for transferred European/German source and background assumptions; regional labels are not a measured local factory sample or verified equivalent supplier profiles. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Target field
technology_description
Origin
Editor verification
Source reference
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Source location
Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Qualification
Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Older technical/material inventories and manufacturer reports are combined in the 2020 publication. Neither publication year, later compiler generation nor inactive parent-vehicle assumptions establish component production vintage or an observed annual output year. Curator score 4 records that mixed historical/model scope. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 23 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 6.40903 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.03758 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 6.40903 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 13.384 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00160748 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.00554619 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.0561521 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 7.0242e-09 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 2.0257e-07 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 1.40222 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use 109.151 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 6.5488e-08 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 2.9807e-07 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.019074 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 51.5141 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 1.5915e-05 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 35.9643 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-11-03 09:20 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
internal combustion engine, for lorry
RER
internal combustion engine, for lorry
1
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
powertrain
 Reference flow
Emissions 10 rows Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Ammonium, ion
water
4.58e-06
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Methane, fossil
air
7.27e-03
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
direct - exhaust
0.216646 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.4% of total
EF biosphere factor
BOD5, Biological Oxygen Demand
water
1.29e-04
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrogen sulfide
air
1.18e-06
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
energy chain
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand
water
2.23e-04
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Hydrochloric acid
air
6.95e-04
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
energy chain
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Sulfur dioxide
air
8.56e-03
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
direct - exhaust
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Carbon dioxide, fossil
air
2.46
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
direct - exhaust
2.456 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 38.3% of total
EF biosphere factor
Nitrogen oxides
air
7.08e-03
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
direct - exhaust
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Carbon monoxide, fossil
air
5.53e-04
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
direct - exhaust
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Inputs

Technosphere inputs 10 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
market for steel, low-alloyed
GLO
steel, low-alloyed
0.3
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.641148 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 10.0% of total
BAFU:2025
metal working, average for steel product manufacturing
RER
metal working, average for steel product manufacturing
0.45
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.696809 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 10.9% of total
BAFU:2025
market for copper, cathode
GLO
copper, cathode
0.01
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
energy storage
0.0850959 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.3% of total
BAFU:2025
metal working, average for copper product manufacturing
RER
metal working, average for copper product manufacturing
0.01
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.0142881 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.2% of total
BAFU:2025
market for phenolic resin
RER
phenolic resin
0.04
kilogram
Metadata (2)
Tag
other
Comment
Restore the original truck-engine phenolic-plastic dose, correcting the tenfold transcription error; other rounded coefficients remain as authored. Historical exchange note:
0.175059 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for synthetic rubber
GLO
synthetic rubber
0.04
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.128983 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 2.0% of total
BAFU:2025
metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing
RER
metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing
0.15
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.322765 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 5.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for electricity, low voltage
ENTSO-E
electricity, low voltage
0.65
kilowatt hour
Metadata (1)
Tag
energy chain
0.18965 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for aluminium, cast alloy
GLO
aluminium, cast alloy
0.15
kilogram
Metadata (2)
Tag
other
Comment
Original Wolff Engine.xlsx B8/B3=171/1140=0.15kg/kg; inherited float32 coefficient0.1500000059604645 remains exact. Full historical workbook comparison preserves all other executable fields. Native cast-alloy product metadata includes engine cylinder-head applications, but this is compatibility evidence rather than proof all source engine aluminium is cast or of an exact alloy grade. Removes unsupported direct specialty-alloy demand without altering other materials, manufacturing, buyer mass or per-MJ lifetimes. Separate engine plastic/total-material corrections are not certified by this identity change. Historical exchange note:
0.640248 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 10.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for cast iron
GLO
cast iron
0.45
kilogram
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0.84234 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 13.1% of total
BAFU:2025
Natural resources 2 rows Elementary flows withdrawn from the environment by this dataset.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Transformation, to industrial area
natural resource / land
0.02
square meter
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Occupation, industrial area
natural resource / land
0.02
square meter-year
Metadata (1)
Tag
other
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Reuse and provenance

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Raw uploaded files 0 files preserved with this version.
Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.
Versions & changes 2 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Version history

Published versions are immutable and remain available.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

  • Version 1.0.1 revises version 1.0.0.
  1. Version 1.0.0
    Published

    First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.

    Superseded
  2. Version 1.0.1
    Published

    Updates the vehicle inventory to the documented carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe. Model inputs, emissions and associated documentation follow the adopted source model where they differ…

    Published · Viewing · Latest
Show full version history table (2 versions)
Version Published Reason for this version Link
Version 1.0.1 2026-11-03 Updates the vehicle inventory to the documented carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe. Model inputs, emissions and associated documentation follow the adopted source model where they differ from the previous public version. Current view
Version 1.0.0 Superseded Published 2026-07-15 First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison. Open version
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About this version

Why this version changed

Updates the vehicle inventory to the documented carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe. Model inputs, emissions and associated documentation follow the adopted source model where they differ from the previous public version.

Release notes

Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396.

These are modelled vehicle inventories, not measurements of a particular vehicle. The inventory description and model provenance retain the source assumptions and limitations. The declared background and biosphere profiles remain as stored; export conversions do not redefine the authored source.

Declared licence: CC BY 4.0. Source documents and external supplier inventories retain their own terms.

Changes from version 1.0.0 Compare this version with its predecessor. Exchanges are grouped by type and change; biosphere labels include their environmental compartments. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Why this version changed

Updates the vehicle inventory to the documented carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe. Model inputs, emissions and associated documentation follow the adopted source model where they differ from the previous public version.

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges
21
Added exchanges
2
Removed exchanges
2
Inventory metadata
4
Version metadata
12
Technosphere exchanges modified 9
Technosphere exchanges modified
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
market for steel, low-alloyed (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set Carries the exchange from the refreshed vehicle-model recipe, using its stored supplier-reference representation. The amount and flow identity are unchanged; this does not establish full upstream equivalence.
metal working, average for steel product manufacturing (technosphere / RER / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
market for copper, cathode (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
metal working, average for copper product manufacturing (technosphere / RER / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
market for synthetic rubber (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing (technosphere / RER / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
market group for electricity, low voltage (technosphere / ENTSO-E / kilowatt hour) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
market for cast iron (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
market for phenolic resin (technosphere / RER / kilogram) Amount 0.45 0.045 Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the source recipe's market for phenolic resin input for this vehicle service, retaining its declared quantity, unit and supplier contract as part of the complete approved model rather than recalibrating one input independently.
Inventory comment Not set Restore the original truck-engine phenolic-plastic dose, correcting the tenfold transcription error; other rounded coefficients remain as authored.

Historical exchange note:
Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set
Technosphere exchanges added 1
Technosphere exchanges added
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
market for aluminium, cast alloy (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Amount Not present 0.15 kilogram Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the source recipe's market for aluminium, cast alloy input for this vehicle service, retaining its declared quantity, unit and supplier contract as part of the complete approved model rather than recalibrating one input independently.
Technosphere exchanges removed 1
Technosphere exchanges removed
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
market for aluminium alloy, AlLi (technosphere / GLO / kilogram) Amount 0.15 kilogram Not present Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the source recipe's market for aluminium alloy, AlLi input for this vehicle service, retaining its declared quantity, unit and supplier contract as part of the complete approved model rather than recalibrating one input independently.
Biosphere exchanges modified 11
Biosphere exchanges modified
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
Ammonium, ion (biosphere / water / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set Carries the exchange from the refreshed vehicle-model recipe, using its stored supplier-reference representation. The amount and flow identity are unchanged; this does not establish full upstream equivalence.
Methane, fossil (biosphere / air / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
BOD5, Biological Oxygen Demand (biosphere / water / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
Hydrogen sulfide (biosphere / air / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand (biosphere / water / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
Transformation, to industrial area (biosphere / natural resource / land / square meter) Database biosphere3 Not set
Sulfur dioxide (biosphere / air / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
Carbon dioxide, fossil (biosphere / air / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
Carbon monoxide, fossil (biosphere / air / kilogram) Database biosphere3 Not set
Occupation, industrial area (biosphere / natural resource / land / square meter-year) Database biosphere3 Not set
Nitrogen oxides (biosphere / air / kilogram) Amount 0.00708 0.007079999893903732 Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the model's explicit pollutant-to-compartment output and operating assumptions instead of retaining an isolated historical emission factor. The full flow name, compartment and modelled quantity are retained in the comparison.
Database biosphere3 Not set
Biosphere exchanges added 1
Biosphere exchanges added
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
Hydrochloric acid (biosphere / air / kilogram) Amount Not present 0.000695 kilogram Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the model's explicit pollutant-to-compartment output and operating assumptions instead of retaining an isolated historical emission factor. The full flow name, compartment and modelled quantity are retained in the comparison.
Biosphere exchanges removed 1
Biosphere exchanges removed
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
Hydrogen chloride (biosphere / air / kilogram) Amount 0.000695 kilogram Not present Adopt the carculator_truck 0.5.2 recipe for the 2020 Regional delivery reference, replacing the earlier vehicle-model inventory consistently. Use the model's explicit pollutant-to-compartment output and operating assumptions instead of retaining an isolated historical emission factor. The old separate flow is absent from the new reported inventory; that modelling boundary is not evidence that the substance ceased to be emitted.
Reference flows modified 1
Reference flows modified
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
internal combustion engine, for lorry (production / RER / kilogram) Database lci-long_haul_trucks Not set Carries the exchange from the refreshed vehicle-model recipe, using its stored supplier-reference representation. The amount and flow identity are unchanged; this does not establish full upstream equivalence.
Linked database record lci-trucks / 79eb7484224171c2fc408c70485ea640 Not set
Metadata changes 16
Metadata changes
Exchange / scope Field Previous value Revised value Reason
Inventory file Model Not set carculator_truck Documents the refreshed vehicle model, its publication, generation provenance and modelling assumptions. Historical model notes remain as inactive provenance.
Inventory file Model publication Not set Sacchi, R., Bauer, C., Cox, B. L. (2021). Does Size Matter? The Influence of Size, Load Factor, Range Autonomy, and Application Type on the Life Cycle Assessment of Current and Future Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Environmental Science & Technology 55(8), 5224-5235. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07773
Inventory file Model version Not set 0.5.2
Inventory file Vehicle inventory provenance Not set {"schema version": 1, "family": "truck", "original model": "carculator_truck", "model publication": "Sacchi, R., Bauer, C., Cox, B. L. (2021). Does Size Matter? The Influence of Size, Load Factor, Range Autonomy, and Application Type on the Life Cycle Assessment of Current and Future Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Environmental Science & Technology 55(8), 5224-5235. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07773", "model generation date": "2026-10-14", "libraries": {"carculator_truck": {"version": "0.5.2", "recorded git revision": "4d28ac63a31057dec6879c863370eacae52b1c18"}, "carculator_utils": {"version": "1.3.7", "recorded git revision": "d5479554cbb27ee0be6d11858c9d80697f55a4d6"}}, "source revision boundary": "Recorded repository HEADs; file hashes identify the actual generation sources, including any uncommitted changes.", "source file sha256": {"carculator_truck/carculator_truck/model.py": "9f9d40b6041f5c2673d9beaac509b3efb78a3d52b8474d15ec07e2b42f2d8f72", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/hybrid_battery.py": "fa91dbc33b1e4374324e5c8166aef11694802ab80e14092518562b5d4e309239", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/fuel_cell_battery.py": "a2ea3530efd9aba26e6ff84f82e017a3a31f0fc02f47ce5da585b479c21feefa", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/inventory.py": "071259a94158ae2af32c2690fd8be5182a0256e5cf4edeb3b9e68bbb60fc1d25", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/data/extra_parameters.json": "466e5826240594c527b1b3e5123b9f4edc1a730fa1f7aef42b26423f16e641ac", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/data/default_parameters.json": "a1da127f70f6c8eeed62e0c284356a04148e1a24f858b7af3aaba6cf698fbc4e", "carculator_truck/carculator_truck/data/payloads.yaml": "3e08a544e63a48f1a7af2d00b48d44136cbc5b94297344ab9db1bd80ce37b5bb", "carculator_utils/carculator_utils/hot_emissions.py": "f6c0ad5b23ecadbbd70b7680c462fa5ae689456852bc34e377bd192f7fc57e0f", "carculator_utils/carculator_utils/model.py": "105b6465c7008de25994b04945049e1f91f00cf0a49495d82de5362670300b48", "carculator_utils/carculator_utils/energy_consumption.py": "92f955dfcd14d5a8733500d92c8477e1b60e59e0d244ec16409d79f417fab19f", "carculator_utils/dev/regenerate_premise_trucks.py": "f20d31702e910521538a01ca9182e47a1830065ac539ebd10cae080a8592baa9", "carculator_utils/dev/premise_vehicle_battery_metadata.py": "dffd9125283ebfad536aef53520ad25cd5a50465a355d3144f32cf055e5e515b"}, "artifacts": {"raw.json": {"sha256": "34246b8a7b0e5d8a585278299be05e73b3e59da511b93cf57b6026ce13685e18"}, "model_parameters.json": {"sha256": "13462ca8a318f8c9ada1effd66f0695f3aeae1b5548b28d2c6f088c7c2090333"}, "vehicle_parameters.csv": {"sha256": "4edc35daff2c0c2609d6bdac5311a88238350e3dd0a00138a1730d4821e1206f"}, "noise_audit.csv": {"sha256": "2d0d601d9d6902e6cfc399c8651e31ff28ce54f7f55719b53c0172ec3691a050"}}, "baseline year": 2020, "climate": "CH; Swiss annual-average thermal-demand assumptions", "driving cycle": "Regional delivery", "noise boundary": "Direct noise flows omitted from Premise imports; retained in noise_audit.csv identified by SHA-256.", "FCEV battery profile": {"profile": {"nominal_kwh": 25.0, "pack_kg": 238.0, "charge_kw": 36.0, "discharge_kw": 50.0, "discharge_10s_kw": 150.0, "cell_mass_share": 0.7}, "source": "AKASOL AKASYSTEM 15 OEM 37 PRC, May 2021 manufacturer specification, explicit proxy for 2020 FCEV trucks: 25 kWh, 238 kg, 36 kW continuous charge, 50 kW continuous RMS discharge, 150 kW discharge for 10 s. https://www.act-news.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/210525_LowRes_AK_Datenblatt_AKASystem_15-OEM-37-PRC_2021_2159x2794mm_EN.pdf", "power_boundary": "Continuous charging cap after direct auxiliary use; instantaneous cycle discharge bounded by the continuous RMS rating, without repeated pulse assumptions. Rated motor buffer also bounded by the 10-second discharge rating.", "sizing": "Maximum of inherited 20 kWh + 6% H2 energy floor, cycle continuous-discharge requirement and rated short-pulse requirement. Explicit capacity retained and validated.", "mass_boundary": "Complete pack 238 kg per 25 kWh; 70% cell allocation and NMC-622 manufacture are retained proxies, not measured AKASOL cell specifications.", "limits": "Conditioned-pack proxy; no electrothermal, ageing, SOC-window or fuel-cell ramp validation. Generic chemistry costs and replacement assumptions retained.", "lca_proxy": "MIX capacity market per nominal kWh including replacements; physical mass mismatch documented without mass-equivalence correction.", "future_hardware": "Premise retains the regenerated 2020 FCEV hardware; no runtime cycle simulation.", "approved_on": "2026-10-14"}, "role": "bundled component", "metadata updated": "2026-10-14", "baseline identity": {"name": "internal combustion engine, for lorry, carculator regional truck 2020", "reference product": "internal combustion engine, for lorry", "location": "RER", "unit": "kilogram"}, "component source boundary": "Bundled component recipe exported with the model; model year and climate do not date or parameterize this component. Its literature source is recorded separately.", "activity source": "Wolff et al. 2020, Sustainability, DOI: 10.3390/su12135396"}
Version metadata Commercial maturity stage early_commercial mature_commercial No explanation was recorded for this change.
Version metadata Geographical representativeness 2 3
Version metadata Methodology and allocation explanation Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. Source and application
Wolff (2020) supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor production inventories using secondary data, mass models and expert interviews. Its material-through-final-assembly boundary excludes use, fuel supply and vehicle end of life. GaBi, ecoinvent 3.3 and thinkstep 6.115 (2017) describe the source settings, not a migration of CLIC profiles. Publication in 2020 does not date every input. Bundling by carculator_truck 0.5.2/carculator_utils 1.3.7 describes later model provenance; Sacchi/Bauer/Cox (2021) describes the vehicle model rather than each component recipe.

Preserved engine repairs
The source aluminium fraction is 171/1,140 = 0.15 kg/kg. Current cast-alloy provision replaces unsupported AlLi without certifying every alloy; the current phenolic-plastic dose retains the earlier tenfold transcription repair.
Version metadata Contributors, publications, projects and supporting evidence Funding: 1. Project: Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Funding: 1. Project: Name: Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Funding: 1. Project: Acronym: Not set
Funding: 1. Project: Relation: source_study
Funding: 1. Project: Grant identifier: Not set
Funding: 1. Organization: Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Funding: 1. Organization: Url: https://www.tum.de/
Funding: 1. Organization: Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Funding: 1. Award identifier: Not set
Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 1. Target field: publications
Evidence: 1. Qualification: Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Evidence: 1. Source location: source
Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 2. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 2. Target field: publications
Evidence: 2. Qualification: Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Evidence: 2. Source location: Publisher-deposited registry /message/title, /message/published and /message/author
Evidence: 2. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3390%2Fsu12135396
Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 3. Target field: data_origins
Evidence: 3. Qualification: Documented inputs to this compilation/model, not newly measured data. Omitted tags remain unspecified. Literature denotes cited inventory sources.
Evidence: 3. Source location: source
Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 4. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 4. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 4. Qualification: Only this supplied activity is described; whole-paper life-cycle boundaries not copied onto components.
Evidence: 4. Source location: description
Evidence: 4. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 5. Target field: publications
Evidence: 5. Qualification: Six2020authors at TUM. Paper defines truck component inventories, not regional rail operation. Historical affiliations and inventory contributors remain separate.
Evidence: 5. Source location: Publisher XML/PDF byline, affiliations and ORCIDs; explicit source-role review
Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 6. Target field: methodology_notes
Evidence: 6. Qualification: Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. Partial source comparison. Dry engine SI mass1140kg differs from printed Table4 total1206kg; native/paper definitions are retained, not blindly renormalized. Cab heat total labelledkWh adds MJ subtotals and printed TableA2 saysMJ; other heatkWh/MJ labels require ancestor verification before any3.6rescaling. Tyre acetylene differs by10between SI and printed table. Natural-gas mass/volume conversion requires reference conditions. Source power-electronics sheet has detailed materials/processing but no declared total normalization; do not sum process solvents into a finished-device mass without justification. No formal Wolff erratum found in scoped checks. Publisher HTML/PDF update dates alone do not establish inventory corrections. Hawkins2013 corrigendum changes EV motor/inverter/charger and additional battery packaging; applicability must be traced to each reused component, not applied across every glider or rail process.
Evidence: 6. Source location: Published main/SI member/cell quantities and exact CLIC references
Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 7. Target field: funding
Evidence: 7. Qualification: TUM Institute of Automotive Technology basic research support of Wolff source study; no grant/industry sponsor or CLIC regional-rail/inventory-development funding inferred.
Evidence: 7. Source location: Published funding statement
Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Projects: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Projects: 1. Name: Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Projects: 1. Acronym: Not set
Projects: 1. Relation: source_study
Projects: 1. Grant identifier: Not set
Publications: 1. Doi: 10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Title: Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Sebastian Wolff
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0001-6937-3313
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Moritz Seidenfus
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Karim Gordon
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Sergio Álvarez
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Svenja Kalt
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: 0000-0002-4261-8517
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Name: Markus Lienkamp
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Citation: Wolff, S., Seidenfus, M., Gordon, K., Álvarez, S., Kalt, S., Lienkamp, M. (2020). Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production. Sustainability12(13),5396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source
Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal
Publications: 1. Publication year: 2020		 Funding: 1. Project: Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Funding: 1. Project: Name: Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Funding: 1. Project: Acronym: Not set
Funding: 1. Project: Relation: source_study
Funding: 1. Project: Grant identifier: Not set
Funding: 1. Organization: Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Funding: 1. Organization: Url: https://www.tum.de/
Funding: 1. Organization: Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Funding: 1. Award identifier: Not set
Evidence: 1. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 1. Target field: publications
Evidence: 1. Qualification: Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Evidence: 1. Source location: source
Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 2. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 2. Target field: publications
Evidence: 2. Qualification: Append/deduplicate these references within this version. Preserve original_citation/original_doi and reconcile any existing primary source. Model ancestry is not automatically inventory authorship.
Evidence: 2. Source location: Publisher-deposited registry /message/title, /message/published and /message/author
Evidence: 2. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.3390%2Fsu12135396
Evidence: 3. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 3. Target field: data_origins
Evidence: 3. Qualification: Documented inputs to this compilation/model, not newly measured data. Omitted tags remain unspecified. Literature denotes cited inventory sources.
Evidence: 3. Source location: source
Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 4. Origin: source_import
Evidence: 4. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 4. Qualification: Only this supplied activity is described; whole-paper life-cycle boundaries not copied onto components.
Evidence: 4. Source location: description
Evidence: 4. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 5. Target field: publications
Evidence: 5. Qualification: Six2020authors at TUM. Paper defines truck component inventories, not regional rail operation. Historical affiliations and inventory contributors remain separate.
Evidence: 5. Source location: Publisher XML/PDF byline, affiliations and ORCIDs; explicit source-role review
Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 6. Target field: methodology_notes
Evidence: 6. Qualification: Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. Partial source comparison. Dry engine SI mass1140kg differs from printed Table4 total1206kg; native/paper definitions are retained, not blindly renormalized. Cab heat total labelledkWh adds MJ subtotals and printed TableA2 saysMJ; other heatkWh/MJ labels require ancestor verification before any3.6rescaling. Tyre acetylene differs by10between SI and printed table. Natural-gas mass/volume conversion requires reference conditions. Source power-electronics sheet has detailed materials/processing but no declared total normalization; do not sum process solvents into a finished-device mass without justification. No formal Wolff erratum found in scoped checks. Publisher HTML/PDF update dates alone do not establish inventory corrections. Hawkins2013 corrigendum changes EV motor/inverter/charger and additional battery packaging; applicability must be traced to each reused component, not applied across every glider or rail process.
Evidence: 6. Source location: Published main/SI member/cell quantities and exact CLIC references
Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 7. Target field: funding
Evidence: 7. Qualification: TUM Institute of Automotive Technology basic research support of Wolff source study; no grant/industry sponsor or CLIC regional-rail/inventory-development funding inferred.
Evidence: 7. Source location: Published funding statement
Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 8. Target field: methodology_notes
Evidence: 8. Qualification: Manifest-verified historical decision NB-BOUNDED-2986. Preserve the identified prior repair and its source/profile qualifications. Exact agreement is not blanket approval of every other amount, provider, uncertainty or future version. Original decision rationale: Compose only the source-verified corrections recorded in audit ordinals 49,50; preserve the remaining curated model, original paired profiles and published history. Original qualification: The individual cited source/proxy and engineering limitations remain binding. No complete-model replacement, performance change, new recovery credit or blanket background migration is authorized. Specific prior repair evidence: Original Wolff Engine.xlsx B8/B3=171/1140=0.15kg/kg; inherited float32 coefficient0.1500000059604645 remains exact. Full historical workbook comparison preserves all other executable fields. Native cast-alloy product metadata includes engine cylinder-head applications, but this is compatibility evidence rather than proof all source engine aluminium is cast or of an exact alloy grade. Removes unsupported direct specialty-alloy demand without altering other materials, manufacturing, buyer mass or per-MJ lifetimes. Separate engine plastic/total-material corrections are not certified by this identity change. Restore the original truck-engine phenolic-plastic dose, correcting the tenfold transcription error; other rounded coefficients remain as authored.
Evidence: 8. Source location: Historical preservation register P013/P014 or scoped H-series review; original encoding and approval boundaries retained
Evidence: 8. Source reference: Manifest-verified prior correction/source/migration decisions and exact archive guards
Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 9. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 9. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Design capacity: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 9. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 10. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 10. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 10. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Design capacity unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 10. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 10. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 11. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 11. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 11. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 11. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 11. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 12. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 12. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 12. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 12. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 12. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 13. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 13. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 13. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 13. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 13. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 14. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 14. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 14. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 14. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 14. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 15. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 15. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 15. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: Own1 kg component-production reference has no configured manufacturing plant/output schedule. Source device ratings, mass/scaling laws, vehicle payload/life and embedded parent FCEV battery profile are not own production capacity, annual output, utilization or equipment life. Re-read source equipment, item, process and vehicle parameters remain scoped separately in the evidence. Evidence classification: source parameter and own manufacturing boundary review. Confidence: high for scope and explicit evidence gap. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 15. Source location: Original source methods/tables and exact retained manufacturing/intermediate/service reference
Evidence: 15. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 16. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 16. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 16. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Commercial maturity stage: mature_commercial. Basis: Curator assessment of the established underlying industrial manufacturing or processing class. It is not an author-assigned numerical TRL, a whole-vehicle/tank readiness claim or certification of exact retained recipe and omitted-flow closure. The approved editorial process boundary controls the interpretation of the historical dataset name. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 16. Source location: Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Evidence: 16. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 17. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 17. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 17. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Technology readiness level: 9. Basis: Curator assessment of the established underlying industrial manufacturing or processing class. It is not an author-assigned numerical TRL, a whole-vehicle/tank readiness claim or certification of exact retained recipe and omitted-flow closure. The approved editorial process boundary controls the interpretation of the historical dataset name. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 17. Source location: Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Evidence: 17. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 18. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 18. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 18. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Technological representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator assessment of scalable/transferred source materials and process proxies. Detailed local grouped-stage, gas/solvent/precursor/liner normalization and omission limitations justify score 4 where present; isolated source agreement does not certify the whole chain. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 18. Source location: Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Evidence: 18. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 19. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 19. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 19. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator score 3 for transferred European/German source and background assumptions; regional labels are not a measured local factory sample or verified equivalent supplier profiles. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 19. Source location: Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Evidence: 19. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Evidence: 20. Origin: editor_verification
Evidence: 20. Target field: technology_description
Evidence: 20. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2986. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Older technical/material inventories and manufacturer reports are combined in the 2020 publication. Neither publication year, later compiler generation nor inactive parent-vehicle assumptions establish component production vintage or an observed annual output year. Curator score 4 records that mixed historical/model scope. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.
Evidence: 20. Source location: Original methods and inventories; independently retained editorial process boundary
Evidence: 20. Source reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Projects: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Projects: 1. Name: Wolff et al.(2020) scalable heavy-duty vehicle production source study
Projects: 1. Acronym: Not set
Projects: 1. Relation: source_study
Projects: 1. Grant identifier: Not set
Publications: 1. Doi: 10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Title: Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Sebastian Wolff
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0001-6937-3313
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Moritz Seidenfus
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Karim Gordon
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Sergio Álvarez
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Svenja Kalt
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: 0000-0002-4261-8517
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Name: Markus Lienkamp
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Orcid: Not set
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kkvpp62
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.tum.de/
Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 6. Affiliations: 1. Name: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße15,85748Munich,Germany
Publications: 1. Citation: Wolff, S., Seidenfus, M., Gordon, K., Álvarez, S., Kalt, S., Lienkamp, M. (2020). Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production. Sustainability12(13),5396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135396
Publications: 1. Relation: primary_source
Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal
Publications: 1. Publication year: 2020
Version metadata System boundary Component-production reference, derived from the truck study's cradle-to-gate inventory. Linked supplier manufacturing, direct emissions and disposal/replacement overlap require separate reconciliation. The recorded internal-combustion engine material provision and manufacturing/service inputs per kilogram declared reference. Vehicle operation, fuel supply and whole-vehicle retirement are separate.
Version metadata Technological representativeness 2 3
Version metadata Technology description Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. Steel, cast iron, aluminium, copper, polymer and rubber supplies are combined with metal working, electricity and recorded manufacturing releases. Engine power, fuel use and driving emissions belong to the operating model rather than this production reference.
Version metadata Technology readiness level 8 9
Version metadata Temporal representativeness 2 4
Version metadata Limitations on use Partial source comparison. Dry engine SI mass1140kg differs from printed Table4 total1206kg; native/paper definitions are retained, not blindly renormalized. Cab heat total labelledkWh adds MJ subtotals and printed TableA2 saysMJ; other heatkWh/MJ labels require ancestor verification before any3.6rescaling. Tyre acetylene differs by10between SI and printed table. Natural-gas mass/volume conversion requires reference conditions. Source power-electronics sheet has detailed materials/processing but no declared total normalization; do not sum process solvents into a finished-device mass without justification. No formal Wolff erratum found in scoped checks. Publisher HTML/PDF update dates alone do not establish inventory corrections. Hawkins2013 corrigendum changes EV motor/inverter/charger and additional battery packaging; applicability must be traced to each reused component, not applied across every glider or rail process. Component scope
Source mass normalization and CLIC material/processing suppliers do not establish every alloy, manufacturing yield or complete present industrial design.

Evidence and amendments
Recorded scoped checks did not establish a formal Wolff erratum; publisher web/PDF update dates do not themselves establish inventory corrections. Hawkins (2013) has a corrigendum affecting EV motor/inverter/charger and battery packaging. Its applicability must be traced to the specific reused component rather than propagated to every glider or rail process. Source and compiler heat units, gas reference conditions, supplier proxies and uncertainty retain their documented qualifications.

Engine reference
The 1,140 kg dry-engine SI bill differs from the printed 1,206 kg Table 4 total. Those definitions are not silently renormalized, and other rounded materials remain as authored.
Version metadata Description This dataset represents the internal combustion engine, for lorry used in the scalable, component-based heavy-duty vehicle inventory of Wolff et al. (2020). That study combines primary and secondary data to compare life-cycle impacts of internal-combustion, hybrid, battery-electric, and fuel-cell trucks. This activity should therefore be interpreted as a foreground vehicle-production subassembly within truck manufacture rather than as a generic standalone market dataset.

Source review: Wolff2020 supplies scalable European heavy-duty tractor component-production inventories from material manufacture through final assembly; vehicle use, fuel supply and end-of-life are excluded. Source software/background are GaBi with ecoinvent3.3/thinkstep6.115(2017), not a replacement for CLIC's profiles. Secondary data, mass models and expert interviews are used;2020 publication does not date every input. This node has reference1kilogram of internal combustion engine, for lorry; retain source component normalization, CLIC supplier/process proxies and later corrections separately. 		Manufacturing model for 1 kg of lorry internal-combustion engine. Remove the superseded model parameter and source blocks from the current process description. The current model reference, process information and scientific qualifications are retained. Remove the leading editorial instructions and audit identifiers.
Version metadata Intended application Not set Per-mass internal-combustion engine provision in an explicit lorry assembly model, retaining current supplier and process adaptations. Apply reviewed discovery metadata and change explanations from the curated release.
Review & discussion Publication provenance, scientific review and community discussion.
Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

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