storage battery

Unit: unit
Reuse license: CC BY 4.0
Published: 2026-11-03
Version: 1.0.1
Technology maturity: Not assessed

Provision of one nominal 800 kWh stationary LFP buffer-battery reference.

Classification: Trucks and lorries (transport/road/trucks)
Bookmarks: 0
Raw file downloads: 0
Generated export downloads: 0

Classification path: Transport > Road transport > Trucks and lorries

Keywords

Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Other

Supporting sources:

Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0

Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf

Background database: ecoinvent / 3.8
Background system model: cut-off
Biosphere database: ecoinvent / 3.8

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

External references

Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0306-2619(01)00032-0

Declarations describe this version's foreground inventory. Missing information is not evidence of a particular allocation method or data origin.

Source publication year: Not specified
Inventory reference year: Not specified
Foreground modelling approach: Not specified
Allocated product inventory: Not specified
Allocation or multifunctionality treatment: Not specified
Inventory contributions: Not specified
Projects: Not specified
Funding: Not specified
Methodology notes: Chemistry and capacity are later engineering choices. The earlier charging paper's 4,000 kg lead-acid battery is historical ancestry, not this LFP recipe. Nominal manufacturing capacity, usable electricity and discharge power have different dimensions.
Process type: Unit process: black box
System boundary: Supplied battery-capacity reference and represented freight; charge/discharge operation, stationary system design and any additional replacement schedule require a separate consuming-system model.
Technology description: The reference buys 800 kWh from the current stationary LFP capacity market and 800 tkm freight; it supplies no operating electricity directly.
Intended application: Nominal buffer-capacity provision with the existing LFP supplier boundary.
Use limitations: Usable state-of-charge window, power, cycling, life and the LFP mass/transport relationship remain unverified. The inherited 100 kW and generic charger-life labels do not establish this battery's own parameters; upstream capacity/treatment responsibilities must be checked before adding replacement or retirement burdens.
Data origins: Engineering estimate

Other fields not yet completed (5)

Data period start year, Data period end year, Valid until year, Multifunctionality applicable, Included life cycle stages

Publications (2)

Citation: Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0
Title: Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
Doi: 10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0
Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2001
Relation: Supporting source
Authors: Keisuke Nansai · 0000-0002-2449-1874; Susumu Tohno; Motoki Kono; Mikio Kasahara; Yuichi Moriguchi

Citation: Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf
Title: Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
Url: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf
Source type: Scientific journal
Publication year: 2000
Relation: Supporting source
Authors: Keisuke Nansai · 0000-0002-2449-1874; Motoki Kono; Susumu Tohno; Mikio Kasahara; Yuichi Moriguchi

Evidence and qualifications (20)

Target field: data_origins
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded.

Target field: data_origins
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: description
Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: source
Qualification: Explicit declaration in this supplied inventory.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation
Source location: description
Qualification: Explicit declaration in this supplied inventory.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0306-2619%2801%2900032-0
Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline
Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers.

Target field: publications
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://www.nies.go.jp/en/pr/publications/annual/ae-9-2003.pdf
Source location: NIES2003 annual bibliography, printed106; byline and historical external affiliations
Qualification: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Historical2001 affiliations are supported by NIES annual bibliography: Nansai/Moriguchi at NIES, Tohno/Kasahara at Kyoto University, Kono at Toshiba International Fuel Cells. Nansai's primary ORCID is0000-0002-2449-1874; other unverified identifiers remain blank. Kyoto University (02kpeqv85) is not its museum; NIES (02hw5fp67) is not the Environment Ministry. Toshiba International Fuel Cells is not automatically the parent Toshiba corporation. ABB E-mobility and generic ABB publisher roles remain separate and no unrelated ABB-acronym ROR is assigned.

Target field: methodology_notes
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf
Source location: Original source tables and frozen revision rationale
Qualification: Source roles and limits: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass.

Target field: funding
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf
Source location: 2000 printed281 acknowledgment;2001 publisher acknowledgment preview
Qualification: Primary2001 publisher acknowledgment identifies JSPS Research for the Future project Distributed Autonomous Urban Energy System for Mitigating Environmental Impact,JSPS-RFTF97P01002; recovered2000 paper independently prints the same award. Canonical JSPS (00hhkn466) differs from its London office (02m7axw05). NIES's B-55 research-topic classification is not an interchangeable grant number or proof of funding of later CLIC/ABB adaptations. No funding/project declarations are propagated to these adapters.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Design capacity: 800.000000. Basis: Current own engineering equipment/capacity reference, not manufacturing-factory throughput, measured operating output, usable electricity or performance validation. Nominal model rating is explicitly retained with its source-transfer qualifications. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Design capacity unit: kWh. Basis: Current own engineering equipment/capacity reference, not manufacturing-factory throughput, measured operating output, usable electricity or performance validation. Nominal model rating is explicitly retained with its source-transfer qualifications. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: The current 800 kW h LFP adapter replaced historical lead-acid ancestry; inherited generic24-year charger life does not establish this buffer's own chemistry/system life. Preserve missing lifetime as a specific evidence question. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Commercial maturity stage: early_commercial. Basis: Clear exact numerical readiness for this adapted model. Retain existing broad early-commercial classification only as qualified prior model context, not a source-assigned maturity assessment of the precise recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Technology readiness level: Unspecified. Basis: Clear exact numerical readiness for this adapted model. Retain existing broad early-commercial classification only as qualified prior model context, not a source-assigned maturity assessment of the precise recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Technological representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Target field: technology_description
Origin: Editor verification
Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622
Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded
Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan.

Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.

Commercial maturity stage: Early commercial

Design capacity: 800

Design capacity unit: kWh

Capacity factor: Not provided

Annual production volume: Not provided

Annual production volume unit: Not provided

Annual production volume year: Not provided

Plant lifetime: Not provided

Technology readiness level Not assessed

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 3 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per unit, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Exchange impact indicator (EF v3.1)

Climate change 38911 kg CO2-Eq / unit

Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals

Acidification 643.045 mol H+-Eq / unit

Climate change 38911 kg CO2-Eq / unit

Freshwater ecotoxicity 557763 CTUe / unit

Freshwater eutrophication 171.854 kg P-Eq / unit

Marine eutrophication 100.754 kg N-Eq / unit

Terrestrial eutrophication 451.332 mol N-Eq / unit

Human toxicity, cancer -0.000130439 CTUh / unit

Human toxicity, non-cancer 0.00753479 CTUh / unit

Ionising radiation 10936.3 kBq U235-Eq / unit

Land use 188814 dimensionless / unit

Ozone depletion 0.000568282 kg CFC-11-Eq / unit

Particulate matter 0.00211765 disease incidence / unit

Photochemical ozone formation 62.9246 kg NMVOC-Eq / unit

Resource use, fossils 363044 MJ, net calorific value / unit

Resource use, minerals and metals 4.13207 kg Sb-Eq / unit

Water use 187469 m3 world Eq deprived / unit

Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-11-03 09:20 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
storage battery RER	Storage battery	1	unit	Metadata (1) Tag other	Reference flow

Technosphere inputs 2 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.

Exchange	Reference / categories	Amount	Unit	Metadata	Climate change contribution
market for battery capacity, Li-ion, LFP, stationary GLO	electricity storage capacity	800	kilowatt hour	Metadata (1) Tag energy storage	38773.1 kg CO2-Eq / unit 99.6% of total CLIC v1.0.1
market for transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO6 RER	transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO6	800	ton kilometer	Metadata (1) Tag other	137.897 kg CO2-Eq / unit 0.4% of total BAFU:2025

Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

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Raw uploaded files 0 files preserved with this version.

Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.

Versions & changes 2 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

Version 1.0.0
Published 2026-07-15

First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.
Superseded
Version 1.0.1
Published 2026-11-03

Uses the documented storage battery reference: This dataset represents a stationary storage battery used as part of electric-vehicle charging infrastructure rather than as an…
Published · Viewing · Latest

Show full version history table (2 versions)

Version	Published	Reason for this version	Link
Version 1.0.1	2026-11-03	Uses the documented storage battery reference: This dataset represents a stationary storage battery used as part of electric-vehicle charging infrastructure rather than as an onboard traction battery.	Current view
Version 1.0.0 Superseded	Published 2026-07-15	First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.	Open version

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About this version

Why this version changed

Uses the documented storage battery reference: This dataset represents a stationary storage battery used as part of electric-vehicle charging infrastructure rather than as an onboard traction battery.

Release notes

Source reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(01)00032-0.

Declared licence: CC BY 4.0. Source documents and external supplier inventories retain their own terms.

Changes from version 1.0.0 Compare this version with its predecessor. Exchanges are grouped by type and change; biosphere labels include their environmental compartments. Open the base version. Show changes Hide changes

Why this version changed

Public revision record

This comparison is permanently visible with the published version so users can assess every detected change before reuse.

Modified exchanges: 1
Added exchanges: 1
Removed exchanges: 1
Inventory metadata: 0
Version metadata: 18

Technosphere exchanges added 1

Technosphere exchanges added
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
market for battery capacity, Li-ion, LFP, stationary (technosphere / GLO / kilowatt hour)	Amount	Not present	800 kilowatt hour	Use the documented storage battery reference and its component boundary: This dataset represents a stationary storage battery used as part of electric-vehicle charging infrastructure rather than as an onboard traction battery. In the life-cycle analysis of EV charging infrastructure, the charger system includes supporting electrical equipment needed to buffer and manage power delivery, and this row captures that infrastructure-side storage function for truck charging.

Technosphere exchanges removed 1

Technosphere exchanges removed
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
market for battery capacity, stationary (CONT scenario) (technosphere / GLO / kilowatt hour)	Amount	800 kilowatt hour	Not present	Use the documented storage battery reference and its component boundary: CLIC A031 standalone storage revision: the existing 800 kWh capacity input now uses 100% stationary LFP supply from CLIC dataset 1435, not the former CONT technology mix. The 800 ton-kilometer transport input, capacity quantity, other assumptions and native profiles are unchanged. Historical charger-use attribution above is preserved as provenance; this revision does not reintroduce storage into corrected charger datasets 1622, 1623 or 2972. Supplier 1435 retains its existing capacity-to-mass conversion and treatment boundary.

Reference flows modified 1

Reference flows modified
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
storage battery (production / RER / unit)	Name	Storage battery	storage battery	Standardized capitalization of the activity or product name. The amount, unit and other exchange fields are unchanged.

Metadata changes 18

Metadata changes
Exchange / scope	Field	Previous value	Revised value	Reason
Version metadata	Inventory evidence types	Literature	Engineering estimate	No explanation was recorded for this change.
Version metadata	Design capacity	100.000000	800.000000
Version metadata	Design capacity unit	kW	kWh
Version metadata	Geographical representativeness	2	3
Version metadata	Intended application	Charging-infrastructure equipment reference for LCA, preserving the exact hardware/capacity/installation basis; not a direct delivered-electricity or vehicle-kilometre inventory.	Nominal buffer-capacity provision with the existing LFP supplier boundary.
Version metadata	Methodology and allocation explanation	Source roles and limits: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass.	Chemistry and capacity are later engineering choices. The earlier charging paper's 4,000 kg lead-acid battery is historical ancestry, not this LFP recipe. Nominal manufacturing capacity, usable electricity and discharge power have different dimensions.
Version metadata	Plant lifetime	24	Not set
Version metadata	Source type	scientific_journal	other
Version metadata	Contributors, publications, projects and supporting evidence	Evidence: 1. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 2. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 2. Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded. Evidence: 2. Source location: description Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 3. Target field: publications Evidence: 3. Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers. Evidence: 3. Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline Evidence: 3. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0306-2619%2801%2900032-0 Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: publications Evidence: 4. Qualification: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Historical2001 affiliations are supported by NIES annual bibliography: Nansai/Moriguchi at NIES, Tohno/Kasahara at Kyoto University, Kono at Toshiba International Fuel Cells. Nansai's primary ORCID is0000-0002-2449-1874; other unverified identifiers remain blank. Kyoto University (02kpeqv85) is not its museum; NIES (02hw5fp67) is not the Environment Ministry. Toshiba International Fuel Cells is not automatically the parent Toshiba corporation. ABB E-mobility and generic ABB publisher roles remain separate and no unrelated ABB-acronym ROR is assigned. Evidence: 4. Source location: NIES2003 annual bibliography, printed106; byline and historical external affiliations Evidence: 4. Source reference: https://www.nies.go.jp/en/pr/publications/annual/ae-9-2003.pdf Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 5. Qualification: Source roles and limits: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass. Evidence: 5. Source location: Original source tables and frozen revision rationale Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: funding Evidence: 6. Qualification: Primary2001 publisher acknowledgment identifies JSPS Research for the Future project Distributed Autonomous Urban Energy System for Mitigating Environmental Impact,JSPS-RFTF97P01002; recovered2000 paper independently prints the same award. Canonical JSPS (00hhkn466) differs from its London office (02m7axw05). NIES's B-55 research-topic classification is not an interchangeable grant number or proof of funding of later CLIC/ABB adaptations. No funding/project declarations are propagated to these adapters. Evidence: 6. Source location: 2000 printed281 acknowledgment;2001 publisher acknowledgment preview Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Title: Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Keisuke Nansai Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-2449-1874 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02hw5fp67 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.nies.go.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: National Institute for Environmental Studies Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Susumu Tohno Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Kyoto University Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Motoki Kono Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Toshiba International Fuel Cells Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Mikio Kasahara Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Kyoto University Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Yuichi Moriguchi Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02hw5fp67 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.nies.go.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: National Institute for Environmental Studies Publications: 1. Citation: Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2001 Publications: 2. Doi: Not set Publications: 2. Url: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Publications: 2. Title: Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Keisuke Nansai Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-2449-1874 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Motoki Kono Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Susumu Tohno Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Mikio Kasahara Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Yuichi Moriguchi Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Citation: Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Publications: 2. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 2. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 2. Publication year: 2000	Evidence: 1. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 1. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 1. Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded. Evidence: 1. Source location: source Evidence: 1. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 2. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 2. Target field: data_origins Evidence: 2. Qualification: Exact source/adaptation evidence; a battery component used in transport is included under the explicitly authorized battery-production exception. Vehicle and transport activities remain excluded. Evidence: 2. Source location: description Evidence: 2. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 3. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 3. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 3. Qualification: Explicit declaration in this supplied inventory. Evidence: 3. Source location: source Evidence: 3. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 4. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 4. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 4. Qualification: Explicit declaration in this supplied inventory. Evidence: 4. Source location: description Evidence: 4. Source reference: Existing published CLIC inventory documentation Evidence: 5. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 5. Target field: publications Evidence: 5. Qualification: Bibliographic details refer to this explicitly cited DOI. Existing citation text is retained, including any additional sources. Publication year does not establish the inventory reference year; publication authors are not assigned as inventory compilers. Evidence: 5. Source location: DOI registration: title, publication dates and byline Evidence: 5. Source reference: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS0306-2619%2801%2900032-0 Evidence: 6. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 6. Target field: publications Evidence: 6. Qualification: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Historical2001 affiliations are supported by NIES annual bibliography: Nansai/Moriguchi at NIES, Tohno/Kasahara at Kyoto University, Kono at Toshiba International Fuel Cells. Nansai's primary ORCID is0000-0002-2449-1874; other unverified identifiers remain blank. Kyoto University (02kpeqv85) is not its museum; NIES (02hw5fp67) is not the Environment Ministry. Toshiba International Fuel Cells is not automatically the parent Toshiba corporation. ABB E-mobility and generic ABB publisher roles remain separate and no unrelated ABB-acronym ROR is assigned. Evidence: 6. Source location: NIES2003 annual bibliography, printed106; byline and historical external affiliations Evidence: 6. Source reference: https://www.nies.go.jp/en/pr/publications/annual/ae-9-2003.pdf Evidence: 7. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 7. Target field: methodology_notes Evidence: 7. Qualification: Source roles and limits: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass. Evidence: 7. Source location: Original source tables and frozen revision rationale Evidence: 7. Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Evidence: 8. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 8. Target field: funding Evidence: 8. Qualification: Primary2001 publisher acknowledgment identifies JSPS Research for the Future project Distributed Autonomous Urban Energy System for Mitigating Environmental Impact,JSPS-RFTF97P01002; recovered2000 paper independently prints the same award. Canonical JSPS (00hhkn466) differs from its London office (02m7axw05). NIES's B-55 research-topic classification is not an interchangeable grant number or proof of funding of later CLIC/ABB adaptations. No funding/project declarations are propagated to these adapters. Evidence: 8. Source location: 2000 printed281 acknowledgment;2001 publisher acknowledgment preview Evidence: 8. Source reference: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Evidence: 9. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 9. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 9. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Design capacity: 800.000000. Basis: Current own engineering equipment/capacity reference, not manufacturing-factory throughput, measured operating output, usable electricity or performance validation. Nominal model rating is explicitly retained with its source-transfer qualifications. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 9. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 9. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 10. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 10. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 10. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Design capacity unit: kWh. Basis: Current own engineering equipment/capacity reference, not manufacturing-factory throughput, measured operating output, usable electricity or performance validation. Nominal model rating is explicitly retained with its source-transfer qualifications. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 10. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 10. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 11. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 11. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 11. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Capacity factor (%): Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 11. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 11. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 12. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 12. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 12. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 12. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 12. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 13. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 13. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 13. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume unit: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 13. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 13. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 14. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 14. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 14. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Annual production volume year: Unspecified. Basis: No additional own operating parameter established. Manufacturing/validity/revision dates, source scenario years, material retention and equipment rating do not establish annual observed output or plant capacity factor. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 14. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 14. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 15. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 15. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 15. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Plant or represented-asset lifetime (years): Unspecified. Basis: The current 800 kW h LFP adapter replaced historical lead-acid ancestry; inherited generic24-year charger life does not establish this buffer's own chemistry/system life. Preserve missing lifetime as a specific evidence question. Retain guarded current numeric values only in their explicitly identified device/model roles. Keep manufacture versus operation, installation versus hardware life, continuous/peak/input/output ratings, efficiency versus capacity factor, material yield and actual annual production distinct. Unsupported own fields remain unspecified; no factory throughput, operating observation year or additional calendar life inferred. Evidence classification: source parameter and exact reference scope review. Confidence: high for scoped source model values and explicit gaps. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 15. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 15. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 16. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 16. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 16. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Commercial maturity stage: early_commercial. Basis: Clear exact numerical readiness for this adapted model. Retain existing broad early-commercial classification only as qualified prior model context, not a source-assigned maturity assessment of the precise recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 16. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 16. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 17. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 17. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 17. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Technology readiness level: Unspecified. Basis: Clear exact numerical readiness for this adapted model. Retain existing broad early-commercial classification only as qualified prior model context, not a source-assigned maturity assessment of the precise recipe. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 17. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 17. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 18. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 18. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 18. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Technological representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 18. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 18. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 19. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 19. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 19. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Geographical representativeness: 3. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 19. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 19. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Evidence: 20. Origin: editor_verification Evidence: 20. Target field: technology_description Evidence: 20. Qualification: Technical-characterisation review TC-2969. Temporal representativeness: 4. Basis: Curator technology/geography/time 4/3/4 for reconstructed geometry, material and integration scope, transferred suppliers and unresolved observation vintage. Preserve worse existing scores. Manufacturer edition, EPD date and source background release are not factory measurement or production years. Evidence classification: source scope and explicit curator assessment. Confidence: medium curator judgement. A retained model value is not a measured observation or industrial certification. Source-specific assumptions and detailed technical parameters accompany this plan. Evidence: 20. Source location: Exact current recipe and source/EPD/design/replacement reconstruction; variant-specific manufacturer documentation where recorded Evidence: 20. Source reference: https://zenodo.org/records/23935622 Publications: 1. Doi: 10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Title: Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Keisuke Nansai Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-2449-1874 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02hw5fp67 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.nies.go.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 1. Affiliations: 1. Name: National Institute for Environmental Studies Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Susumu Tohno Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 2. Affiliations: 1. Name: Kyoto University Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Motoki Kono Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Ror: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Url: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 3. Affiliations: 1. Name: Toshiba International Fuel Cells Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Mikio Kasahara Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02kpeqv85 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 4. Affiliations: 1. Name: Kyoto University Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Yuichi Moriguchi Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Ror: https://ror.org/02hw5fp67 Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Url: https://www.nies.go.jp/ Publications: 1. Scientific authors: 5. Affiliations: 1. Name: National Institute for Environmental Studies Publications: 1. Citation: Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Publications: 1. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 1. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 1. Publication year: 2001 Publications: 2. Doi: Not set Publications: 2. Url: https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Publications: 2. Title: Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Name: Keisuke Nansai Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 1. Orcid: 0000-0002-2449-1874 Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Name: Motoki Kono Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 2. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Name: Susumu Tohno Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 3. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Name: Mikio Kasahara Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 4. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Name: Yuichi Moriguchi Publications: 2. Scientific authors: 5. Orcid: Not set Publications: 2. Citation: Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf Publications: 2. Relation: supporting_source Publications: 2. Source type: scientific_journal Publications: 2. Publication year: 2000
Version metadata	System boundary	One stationary buffer-battery reference buying800kWh nominal manufacturing capacity and800tkm freight. Historical supply uses the CONT stationary-battery technology basket. This is a capacity/service adapter, with no direct operating-electricity delivery in the foreground. The earlier Nansai lead-acid battery is a historical source, not the current chemistry recipe. Component/reference-unit manufacturing or aggregate installation only, as specified above. Vehicle operation, grid electricity delivery, efficiency, utilization and pervehicle allocation require separate service models.	Supplied battery-capacity reference and represented freight; charge/discharge operation, stationary system design and any additional replacement schedule require a separate consuming-system model.
Version metadata	Technological representativeness	2	4
Version metadata	Technology description	One stationary buffer-battery reference buying800kWh nominal manufacturing capacity and800tkm freight. Historical supply uses the CONT stationary-battery technology basket. This is a capacity/service adapter, with no direct operating-electricity delivery in the foreground. The earlier Nansai lead-acid battery is a historical source, not the current chemistry recipe.	The reference buys 800 kWh from the current stationary LFP capacity market and 800 tkm freight; it supplies no operating electricity directly.
Version metadata	Technology readiness level	8	Not set
Version metadata	Temporal representativeness	3	4
Version metadata	Limitations on use	Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Historical200kW charger uses4.3 equivalents of the600kg component, consistent with2×1290/600. ABB's1290kg row is rated100kW, while PSI2023 Table70 calls it200kW; the retained coefficient therefore includes an additional factor2 relative to the report's literal mass wording. Historical450kW scaling is(3×1340+500)/600=7.533333333. Manufacturer masses do not establish linear electrical-power scaling or the2000 electronics fraction in modern hardware. Current4675 replaces the legacy charger/stand/buffer assembly with1.2 integrated200kW hardware equivalents, one foundation and negative retirement/packaging demands. Current4676 buys the separate450kW station and WEEE demand; it no longer buys the old stand or buffer battery. Preserve these documented equipment-only replacements, including absence of dedicated stationary storage; do not restore Nansai's battery or treat the vehicle-model2020 climate/cycle as this component's measurement year. Recovered ABB Terra184 PEP ABBG-00284-V01.01-EN was issuedJuly2023, with395kg180kW hardware,25kg packaging,458kg foundation and10year reference life. Its functional unit is1kWh supplied in the defined operating scenario, whereas CLIC hardware outputs one equipment unit. Do not import EPD use-phase electricity, headline impacts or lifetime denominator into component manufacture. Current200kW hardware scales Terra184 material masses by200/180, giving438.888889kg total,430kg assigned classes and8.888889kg unassigned miscellaneous material. Keep that gap visible instead of normalizing it away. Source steel197kg×200/180 is split between ordinary steel and a grade430 shell within the same budget. Shell geometry/grade, material providers, wood500kg/m3 density and backgrounds are compiler assumptions, not a manufacturer200kW BOM. Source percentages use the full878kg station reference; do not treat them as percentages of395kg hardware. Current200kW installation retains12/10=1.2 expected hardware equivalents: the hardware's10years is sourced, installation12years is an inherited assumption. Foundation450kg concrete plus8kg steel is purchased/retired once, with2400kg/m3 concrete. WEEE−526.666667kg excludes packaging; wood−29.333333kg and PE−4kg cover all deliveries once. Preserve negative waste-service signs, paired background profiles and absence of double-counted foundation steel. No discrete replacement timetable or recycling credit is inferred. ABB PantoUP RevB January2021 confirms450kW from three1340kg150kW cabinets,7inch service HMI, and a separate pole/interface specification. It lists45kg contact dome and500kg control-box/pole rows; whether500kg includes the dome is not established here. Current station's500kg support recipe,10m cable, one shared2kg industrial HMI/PLC and aggregate4613.576kg retirement are engineering assumptions, not a certified full station BOM. Do not add a second onboard pantograph to offboard infrastructure without checking callers. Current charger/stand retain generic-wrought aluminium50/1kg instead of AlLi, and the stand replaces one laptop/17inch screen with an industrial interface/controller. Five current predecessor/rationale hashes are verified. Do not reverse these corrections or infer that8.25kg grouped stand electronics includes the replaced computer/display. Historical recipes and later native zero-laptop entries remain distinct evidence. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass. Charger freight120tkm is consistent with600kg×200km. Stand36.05tkm would imply180.25kg at200km versus the earlier100kg total, or360.5km if100kg is retained. This is an unresolved source/functional mass-distance convention; no isolated numerical candidate is proposed. Preserved HMI/PLC changes and stationary-battery chemistry further complicate direct rescaling. Historical2001 affiliations are supported by NIES annual bibliography: Nansai/Moriguchi at NIES, Tohno/Kasahara at Kyoto University, Kono at Toshiba International Fuel Cells. Nansai's primary ORCID is0000-0002-2449-1874; other unverified identifiers remain blank. Kyoto University (02kpeqv85) is not its museum; NIES (02hw5fp67) is not the Environment Ministry. Toshiba International Fuel Cells is not automatically the parent Toshiba corporation. ABB E-mobility and generic ABB publisher roles remain separate and no unrelated ABB-acronym ROR is assigned. Primary2001 publisher acknowledgment identifies JSPS Research for the Future project Distributed Autonomous Urban Energy System for Mitigating Environmental Impact,JSPS-RFTF97P01002; recovered2000 paper independently prints the same award. Canonical JSPS (00hhkn466) differs from its London office (02m7axw05). NIES's B-55 research-topic classification is not an interchangeable grant number or proof of funding of later CLIC/ABB adaptations. No funding/project declarations are propagated to these adapters. Crossmark explicitly reports no available data for the2001 DOI, rather than current status. Scoped DOI/title/erratum/supplement searches locate no authoritative correction, amended supplement or retraction; full2001 text and any historic supplementary inventory remain unavailable locally. Earlier2000 original and2021/2023 manufacturer documents are different sources, not published corrections of2001. ABB PEP issue/revision and PantoUP revision are pinned; later product revisions do not automatically amend this frozen equipment model.	Usable state-of-charge window, power, cycling, life and the LFP mass/transport relationship remain unverified. The inherited 100 kW and generic charger-life labels do not establish this battery's own parameters; upstream capacity/treatment responsibilities must be checked before adding replacement or retirement burdens.
Version metadata	Description	One stationary buffer-battery reference buying800kWh nominal manufacturing capacity and800tkm freight. Historical supply uses the CONT stationary-battery technology basket. This is a capacity/service adapter, with no direct operating-electricity delivery in the foreground. The earlier Nansai lead-acid battery is a historical source, not the current chemistry recipe. Source roles and limits: Nansai2001 AppliedEnergy70(3),251–265 has five ordered authors: Keisuke Nansai, Susumu Tohno, Motoki Kono, Mikio Kasahara and Yuichi Moriguchi. The2000 Japanese original is separately recovered: authors place Kono before Tohno. Its Table3 is an earlier numerical comparator, not proof that every2001 table is identical. Do not replace2001 date/byline with2000 or confuse server upload2021 with publication year. Earlier2000 Table3, printed277/PDF4, lists600kg charger: iron400, copper80, aluminium50 and70kg grouped electronics. Stand100kg comprises iron73, copper11, aluminium1, computer4.5, card reader1.5, display2.25 and other6.75. Stationary lead-acid storage4000kg includes lead2400kg and560kg30percent sulfuric-acid solution. These are not measured stainless18/8, AlLi, industrial HMI/PLC or LFP compositions. Storage is currently800kWh nominal LFP manufacturing-capacity demand, not800kWh delivered electricity and not a source4000kg lead-acid inventory. Historical CONT market is a different technology basket. Chemistry, mass/capacity transfer, service life, cycling and current supplier boundary need original stationary-battery evidence before changes. Freight800tkm would imply200km at the earlier4tonne mass; that does not certify the LFP system mass.	Provision of one nominal 800 kWh stationary LFP buffer-battery reference.	Describe the actual reference flow, process boundary, engineering assumptions and source limitations in reader-facing language. Remove operational review/release instructions and distinguish capacity/component services from operating-energy inputs; the inventory content and declared terms are preserved.
Version metadata	Name	Storage battery	storage battery	Standardized capitalization; the dataset identity and reference basis are retained.
Version metadata	Source	Supporting sources: Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0; Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf	Supporting sources: Nansai, K.; Tohno, S.; Kono, M.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Applied Energy70(3),251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(01)00032-0 Nansai, K.; Kono, M.; Tohno, S.; Kasahara, M.; Moriguchi, Y. (2000). Life Cycle Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles. Energy and Resources21(3),274–281. https://www.jser.gr.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21-274.pdf	Document the actual vehicle model/component recipe, its source publication and operating/proxy assumptions, keeping source attribution distinct from changes to physical exchange quantities.

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storage battery

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