Vanadium

vanadium pentoxide production

Reference product vanadium pentoxide ZA

Superseded Version 1.0.0

Stable dataset identity vanadium-pentoxide-production

Unit
kilogram
Reuse license
CC BY 4.0
Published
2026-07-15
Version
1.0.0
Technology maturity
See quality profile

Published inventory

Overview

Process description and catalog context. View scientific metadata

Description

Source: Weber et al. (2018). Life cycle assessment of a vanadium redox flow battery. Environmental science & technology, 52(18), 10864-10873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073

Source review: Weber et al. (2018) models a hypothetical 1 MW/8.3 MWh vanadium system for 20-year renewables support, with a study functional unit of 1 MWh delivered electricity and separate manufacturing, use and recycling assumptions. Source software/background are openLCA1.6 and ecoinvent3.3 cut-off; the later May2022 export targets ecoinvent3.7.1. These are not automatic creation-software/profile or measured-year declarations for CLIC. The authors' v3 Zenodo record reports a doubled V2O5 error corrected in the native electrolyte, but explicitly warns of a remaining dataset error. A formal journal corrigendum was not located; the warning and archival correction statement are retained as evidence, not an error-free replacement reference. The original and archived SI extract to identical text and still print 0.286 kg V2O5 per litre with 1.35 kg electrolyte output; the updated native process uses 0.1455 kg. A per-litre recipe must be normalized before comparison with a per-kg CLIC reference. Current CLIC4469 is a later Oxkem VOS16/Martin formulation at 1.36 kg/L and4.2 mol/L sulfate, not a literal copy of either source version; do not halve its V2O5 again. The declared node reference is kilogram of vanadium pentoxide; supplier/biosphere identity, allocation and uncertainty are not established by a literal quantity match.

Dataset details

Classification, keywords, bookmarks and download counts.

Classification
Vanadium (materials/metals/vanadium)
Bookmarks
0
Raw file downloads
0
Generated export downloads
0

Classification path: Materials > Metals and mineral feedstocks > Vanadium

Bookmarking is available only on the latest published dataset record.

Metadata & sources Methods, scope, reference years, publications, contributors, projects and funding.

Source

Source documentation, background profiles and references.

Scientific journal publication

Weber et al. (2018). Life cycle assessment of a vanadium redox flow battery. Environmental science & technology, 52(18), 10864-10873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073

Background database
ecoinvent / 3.9
Background system model
cut-off
Biosphere database
ecoinvent / 3.9

These are the stored source profiles for this version. Foreground methodology is recorded in Scientific metadata.

Technology characterization Scale, utilization, production, lifetime, technology readiness and representativeness.
Commercial maturity stage
Mature commercial
Design capacity
Not provided
Design capacity unit
Not provided
Capacity factor
Not provided
Annual production volume
Not provided
Annual production volume unit
Not provided
Annual production volume year
Not provided
Plant lifetime
Not provided
TRL scale Higher is more mature. 9: routine commercial deployment 8: commercial, but still niche or scaling 7: first-commercial or advanced demonstration 6: engineering-scale demonstration 5: pilot or large prototype 4: bench or lab validated 3: research-stage concept Technology readiness level
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: strong market- or operating-data basis 2: commercially plausible, but still somewhat specific 3: partly representative, with modelling or adaptation bias 4: pilot, proxy-based, scaled-up, or prospective 5: weak representation of the real technology state Technological representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: geography matches the claimed scope well 2: regionally credible, but broader or less exact 3: generic regional or global proxy 4: weak proxy or clear geographic mismatch 5: geography is effectively unsupported Geographical representativeness
1 to 5 scale Lower is better. 1: current for that technology class 2: slightly dated, but still good 3: dated enough to need caution 4: stale, pilot-era, or prospective relative to current practice 5: clearly not representative of the current state Temporal representativeness

Missing exchange uncertainty generation: Not requested

Representativeness scores use a 1–5 scale when provided. Lower scores indicate a closer fit to the modeled technology, geography, or time period.

Inventory & impacts 20 exchanges · exchange table, supply-chain graph and environmental screening.

Precalculated screening profile

Environmental impacts

Results per kilogram, using UVEK 2025 and the ecoinvent 3.10 biosphere. Exchange rows are shaded from green to red by relative contribution to the selected indicator.

Climate change 18.6425 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Screening result

This screening result uses Brightpath mappings from the source background to UVEK 2025; mapped suppliers are not claims of scientific equivalence.

Show all 16 indicator totals
Acidification 0.399502 mol H+-Eq / kilogram
Climate change 18.6425 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram
Freshwater ecotoxicity 69.1857 CTUe / kilogram
Freshwater eutrophication 0.00933014 kg P-Eq / kilogram
Marine eutrophication 0.012512 kg N-Eq / kilogram
Terrestrial eutrophication 0.130635 mol N-Eq / kilogram
Human toxicity, cancer 6.7186e-08 CTUh / kilogram
Human toxicity, non-cancer 6.6574e-06 CTUh / kilogram
Ionising radiation 2.27596 kBq U235-Eq / kilogram
Land use -2048.47 dimensionless / kilogram
Ozone depletion 3.5931e-07 kg CFC-11-Eq / kilogram
Particulate matter 3.8439e-06 disease incidence / kilogram
Photochemical ozone formation 0.0676931 kg NMVOC-Eq / kilogram
Resource use, fossils 267.452 MJ, net calorific value / kilogram
Resource use, minerals and metals 0.000101972 kg Sb-Eq / kilogram
Water use 98.1035 m3 world Eq deprived / kilogram
Calculation details

Profile uvek-2025-ef-v3-1-4e70d56a85b1 · artifact 4e70d56a85b1 · calculated 2026-09-30 13:47 UTC. These screening results do not replace a reviewed comparative LCA.

Dataset contents

Reference flows, emissions, technosphere inputs, and natural resources in this published snapshot.

Outputs

Reference flow 1 row Reference production exchanges extracted from the uploaded inventory.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
vanadium pentoxide production
ZA
vanadium pentoxide
1
kilogram - Reference flow
Emissions 4 rows Elementary flows emitted from the dataset to the environment.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Carbon dioxide, fossil
air
0.16
kilogram -
0.16 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.9% of total
EF biosphere factor
Oxygen
air
0.06
kilogram -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Sulfur dioxide
air
0.23
kilogram -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Water
air
8.45e-05
cubic meter -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor

Inputs

Technosphere inputs 14 rows Linked foreground or background product inputs used by this dataset.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
market for sodium sulfate, anhydrite
RoW
sodium sulfate, anhydrite
-0.5
kilogram -
-0.501257 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram -2.7% of total
BAFU:2025
market for iron scrap, unsorted
GLO
iron scrap, unsorted
-0.07
kilogram -
-0.00248713 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market for ammonium sulfate
RoW
ammonium sulfate
0.31
kilogram -
0.678175 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 3.6% of total
BAFU:2025
market for electricity, medium voltage
ZA
electricity, medium voltage
0.2
kilowatt hour -
0.205954 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 1.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market for soda ash, dense
GLO
soda ash, dense
0.37
kilogram -
0.154074 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.8% of total
BAFU:2025
market for sodium sulfate, anhydrite
RER
sodium sulfate, anhydrite
0.5
kilogram -
1.37044 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 7.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for sulfuric acid
RoW
sulfuric acid
0.46
kilogram -
0.0704253 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
RER
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.08
ton kilometer -
0.0961409 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.5% of total
BAFU:2025
market for water, deionised
Europe without Switzerland
water, deionised
3.16
kilogram -
0.00159748 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas
GLO
heat, district or industrial, natural gas
0.93
megajoule -
0.0835215 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.4% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for transport, freight train
GLO
transport, freight train
0.46
ton kilometer -
0.0123041 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.1% of total
BAFU:2025
market group for transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
GLO
transport, freight, lorry, unspecified
0.08
ton kilometer -
0.0833159 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.4% of total
BAFU:2025
treatment of spent solvent mixture, hazardous waste incineration, with energy recovery
RoW
spent solvent mixture
-0.06
kilogram -
-0.124408 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram -0.7% of total
BAFU:2025
vanadium slag
1.35
kilogram -
16.3547 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 87.7% of total
Natural resources 1 row Elementary flows withdrawn from the environment by this dataset.
Exchange Reference / categories Amount Unit Metadata Climate change contribution
Transformation, from dump site, slag compartment
natural resource / land
0.47
square meter -
0 kg CO2-Eq / kilogram 0.0% of total
EF biosphere factor
Parameters 0 source definitions · values, formulas and uncertainty.

Read-only definitions preserved with this inventory version. Values are supplied by the source; CLIC does not evaluate formulas or recalculate exchange amounts and impact scores from them.

No parameter definitions were supplied with this inventory snapshot.

Reuse and provenance

Downloads & files

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Raw uploaded files 0 files preserved with this version.
Original uploaded files were not included in the inventory archive. Generated inventory exports remain available.
Versions & changes 2 versions · change rationale, release notes and comparisons.

Version history

A newer public version is active, but this superseded record remains available for citation and reproducibility.

Oldest to newest. Arrows show recorded revision links; each node describes the change introduced by that version.

  • Version 1.0.1 revises version 1.0.0.
  1. Version 1.0.0
    Published

    First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.

    Superseded · Viewing
  2. Version 1.0.1
    Published

    The vanadium-production reference now expresses the selected ore, intermediate and co-product accounting consistently with its source process. Material identities, allocation and supply links follow…

    Published · Latest
Show full version history table (2 versions)
Version Published Reason for this version Link
Version 1.0.1 2026-11-03 The vanadium-production reference now expresses the selected ore, intermediate and co-product accounting consistently with its source process. Material identities, allocation and supply links follow the stated metallurgical boundary. Open version
Version 1.0.0 Superseded Published 2026-07-15 First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison. Current view
About this version

About this version

First published inventory; no earlier version is available for comparison.

Review & discussion Publication provenance, scientific review and community discussion.
Public review record Curator-led bulk import. Public evidence is shown without participant accounts, assignments, recommendations, or private editor notes. Show review Hide review

Publication route

Curator-led bulk import

This inventory was restored from a public CLIC archive. Its original publication route is Curator-led bulk import; private review and workflow records were not transferred.

Source inventory archive

No public review transcript is available for this version.
Discussion 0 public comments · questions, context and problem reports.

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